Ukukhetha ipulasitiki efanele kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zokubumba umjovo wepulasitiki ezisezingeni eliphezulu neziqinile. Into ngayinye inikeza izici ezihlukile ezithinta ukusebenza komkhiqizo wokugcina, izindleko, nokusimama. Abakhiqizi babeka phambili izinto ezifana namandla, ukumelana nokushisa, nokuhambisana namakhemikhali ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zomkhiqizoizingxenye ezibunjiwe ngomjovo wepulasitiki.

Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni izinto. Izinqubo zokugaywa kabusha kwemishini e-Europe zithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki, zonga kufika kumathani angu-2.3 we-CO2 ekhishwayo ngethani ngalinye eligaywe kabusha. Lezi zindlela futhi zandisa isikhathi sokuphila seimikhiqizo ebunjiwe yomjovo wepulasitikikuyilapho kunciphisa umthelela kwezemvelo. Ngokuvumelanisa izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo nezinjongo zokukhiqiza zezingxenye zomjovo wepulasitiki, amabhizinisi afinyelela ukusebenza kahle nokonga kwesikhathi eside.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Ukukhethaipulasitiki efaneleibalulekile ezingxenyeni ezibunjiwe ezinhle. Cabanga ngamandla, ukumelana nokushisa, nokuphepha kwamakhemikhali omkhiqizo wakho.
• Bheka ukuthi yini oyidingayo umkhiqizo wakho ukuze usebenze kahle. Amanye amapulasitiki, njenge-polyethylene, agobile, kuyilapho i-polypropylene iqinile.
• Yaziizimo umkhiqizo wakhouzobhekana. Khetha izinto ezihlala ziqinile ekushiseni, ekumanzini, noma ekucindezelweni.
• Gxila ekuphepheni kwamakhemikhali lapho ukhetha amapulasitiki. Qinisekisa ukuthi ipulasitiki ngeke yephule kumakhemikhali ayithintayo.
• Kala izindleko nekhwalithi ukuze uthole inketho engcono kakhulu. Izinto ezingcono zingabiza kakhulu kodwa zihlale isikhathi eside futhi zidinga ukulungiswa okuncane.

Ukuqonda Izidingo Zakho Zomkhiqizo

Izidingo Zokusebenza Nokusebenza

Yonke ingxenye yokubumba yomjovo wepulasitiki kufanele ihlangabezane nemibandela ethile yokusebenza nokusebenza. Iizinto ezibonakalayokufanele ihambisane nokuhloswe ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo. Isibonelo, amapulasitiki ane-ductility ephezulu, njenge-polyethylene (PE), alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuguquguquka, kuyilapho izinto eziqinile ezifana ne-polypropylene (PP) zihambisana nemiklamo eqinile.

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo usebenza ngendlela elindelekile ngenkathi kunciphisa ukungcola futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

Izimo Zemvelo Nokuqina

Ipulasitiki kumele imelane nezimo zemvelo azohlangabezana nazo. Izinto ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, nokucindezeleka komshini kungathinta ukuqina. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-ABS iyanda ku-elastic modulus ngemva kwemijikelezo yokushaqeka, kuyilapho i-PLA yehla ekuphuleni ingcindezi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. I-HIPS igcina amandla ayo naphezu kokushaqeka, iyenze ifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimelana nomthelela.

• Okutholakele Okubalulekile Ekuqineni:
  • I-ASA ibonisa izinguquko ezincane ekucindezelekeni ngesikhathi sekhefu kodwa ilahlekelwa u-43% wamandla omthelela ngemva komjikelezo owodwa wokushaqeka.
  • I-HIPS igcina amandla amakhulu okusebenza ngoshintsho oluncane ku-elastic modulus.
  • I-PLA ne-ABS zibonisa ukuncipha kwamandla omthelela ngemva kwemijikelezo eminingi yokushaqeka.

Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlukahluka kusiza abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhethe izinto eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhlala isikhathi eside.

Ukucatshangelwa kobuhle nokuklama

Isikhalazo sobuhle sidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni izinto. Abathengi bavame ukuhlobanisa imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu nemiklamo ebukekayo. Ukukhetha kwezinto kuthinta ukuphela kwendawo, umbala, nokuthungwa. Isibonelo, imingcele yokubekezelelana nokuqina kodonga kuthonya ukubukeka kokugcina kwezingxenye ezibunjiwe.

1. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yobuhle bemikhiqizo yepulasitiki.
2. Izinto zokuklama ezifana nokuqina kodonga kanye nemingcele yokubekezelela inquma umphumela obonakalayo.
3. Ukuhlanganisa ubungcweti bomsebenzi nobuciko kubangela imiklamo ekhangayo nesebenzayo.

Ukwengeza, izinto ezilungele imvelo zithuthukisa ukukhanga komkhiqizo ngokubhekana nokukhathazeka kwemvelo, okubaluleke kakhulu kubathengi.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Ezizohlolwa

Amandla kanye Nezakhiwo Zemishini

Amandla nezakhiwo zemishini zento esebenzayo inquma ikhono layo lokumelana namandla ngaphandle kokukhubazeka noma ukuphuka. Lezi zakhiwo zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina nokusebenza kwengxenye yokubumba yomjovo wepulasitiki. Amamethrikhi angukhiye afaka amandla aqinile, ukumelana nomthelela, kanye ne-flexural modulus. Isibonelo, i-ABS inikeza ukumelana nomthelela omuhle kakhulu, okuyenza ifaneleke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqina, kuyilapho iNylon 6 inikeza amandla aphakeme okuqina ezingxenyeni ezithwala umthwalo.

• Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezibalo:
  • Ucwaningo oluqhathanisa namapulasitiki afana ne-PLA, i-ABS, neNylon 6 luveza umehluko omkhulu ezimpahleni zemishini ngokusekelwe kumasu okucubungula.
  • Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ANOVA yezindlela ezi-2 (p≤ 0.05) igqamisa ukuhluka kokuminyana, amandla aqinile, kanye nezilinganiso zokuguquguquka phakathi kokubunjwa komjovo nokwakhiwa kwefilament ehlanganisiwe.

Ukuqonda lo mehluko kusiza abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhethe izinto ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza. Isibonelo, i-PLA ebunjwe ngomjovo ibonisa amandla aqinile aphezulu kunozakwabo ophrinte i-3D, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okungcono kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo.

Ukumelana Nokushisa kanye Nokuzinza Kwe-Thermal

Ukumelana nokushisa kuyisici esibalulekile samapulasitiki achayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Izinto ezinokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-thermal zigcina umumo nokusebenza kwazo ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokushisa. Ukuhlola okuvamile, okufana ne-Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Ball Pressure Test, kulinganisela ikhono lempahla lokumelana nokushisa.

Isibonelo, i-PEEK ibonisa ukumelana nokushisa okukhethekile, ukumelana namazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-250°C, okuyenza ilungele i-aerospace nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto. Ngokuphambene, izinto ezifana ne-polypropylene (PP) zifaneleka kangcono ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphansi ngenxa yokuqina kwazo okuphansi kokushisa.

Ucwaningo luphinde lubonise ukuthi ukuqinisa ukushisa kungakhuphula okwesikhashana i-critical thermal maximum (CTmax), kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu. Lokhu kuzivumelanisa nezimo kwenza amapulasitiki athile aguquguquke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okufunayo.

I-Viscosity kanye nezimpawu zokugeleza

I-viscosity kanye nezici zokugeleza zithonya indlela ipulasitiki egcwalisa ngayo isikhunta ngesikhathi sokujova. Izinto ezine-viscosity ephansi zigeleza kalula, zinciphisa ingozi yokukhubazeka njenge-voids noma ukugcwaliswa okungaphelele. Imodeli ye-viscosity ye-Cross/Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) isiza abakhiqizi babikezele ukuthi izinga lokushisa, izinga lokugunda, nokucindezela kuthinta kanjani ukuncibilika kwe-viscosity.

Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuhlola izici zokugeleza zihlanganisa:

1. Khiqiza amajika e-viscosity ahlobene ngokuthatha isampula yesikhunta ngamanani okugeleza ahlukahlukene.
2. Isikhathi sokugcwalisa umshini wombhalo kanye nengcindezi yomjovo ophezulu.
3. Bala i-viscosity ehlobene nezinga le-shear usebenzisa izibalo ezithile.
4. I-viscosity yegrafu ngokumelene nezinga le-shear ukukhomba izifunda zokugeleza ezizinzile.
5. Khetha amapulasitiki asekelwe ekugcineni "esicaba" segrafu, lapho i-viscosity ishintsha kancane.

Isibonelo, i-polycarbonate (i-PC) ibonisa ukuziphatha kokugeleza okungaguquki, ikwenze ifanele isikhunta esiyinkimbinkimbi esinemininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuqonda imingcele ye-viscosity, abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza futhi baqinisekise imiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali Nokuhambisana

Ukumelana namakhemikhali kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukufaneleka kwepulasitiki ekusetshenzisweni kokubumba umjovo. Imikhiqizo eminingi ihlangana namakhemikhali phakathi nomjikelezo wayo wokuphila, okuhlanganisa izinto zokuhlanza, izinto zokubasa, uwoyela, noma izincibilikisi. Ikhono lempahla lokumelana nokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali liqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo, ukubukeka, nokusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kungani Kubalulekile Ukuphikiswa Kwamakhemikhali?

Ipulasitiki evezwe kumakhemikhali angahambelani ingase ivuvuke, iqhekeke, ishintshe umbala, noma ihluleke ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, isiqukathi sepulasitiki esiklanyelwe ukugcina izincibilikisi zasezimbonini kufanele simelane nokusabela kwamakhemikhali okungabeka engcupheni ukuqina kwaso. Ngokufanayo, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha zidinga izinto ezihlala zizinzile lapho zivezwe ezibulala amagciwane noma uketshezi lomzimba. Ukukhetha ipulasitiki elimelana namakhemikhali kunciphisa ingcuphe yokungaphumeleli komkhiqizo futhi kunwebe ubude bayo bempilo.

Ukuhlola Ukuhambisana Kwamakhemikhali

Abakhiqizi bahlola ukumelana namakhemikhali ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile. Lezi zivivinyo zilingisa izimo zomhlaba wangempela ukuze zihlole ukuthi amapulasitiki asabela kanjani kumakhemikhali athile. Le nqubo ihilela ukudalula izibonelo zepulasitiki kumakhemikhali ahlukahlukene kusetshenziswa izindlela ezinjengokucwilisa, ukusula, noma ukufutha. Ngemva kokuchayeka, okokusebenza kuhlolwa izinguquko zesisindo, ubukhulu, ukubukeka, kanye nezakhiwo eziwumshini njengamandla aqinile.

Le ndlela ehlelekile isiza abakhiqizi ukuthi babone amapulasitiki angakwazi ukumelana nezindawo ezithile zamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, i-polypropylene (PP) ikhombisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nama-asidi nezisekelo, okuyenza ilungele amathangi okugcina amakhemikhali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-polycarbonate (i-PC) ingehlisa isithunzi lapho ivezwe kuzithambisi ezithile, inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinhlelweni ezinjalo.

Amathiphu Asebenzayo Okukhethwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile

1. Qonda Imvelo Yamakhemikhali: Khomba izinhlobo zamakhemikhali umkhiqizo ozohlangana nazo phakathi nomjikelezo wokuphila kwawo. Cabangela izici ezifana nokugxilisa ingqondo, izinga lokushisa, kanye nobude besikhathi sokuchayeka.
2. Bheka Amashadi Okumelana Namakhemikhali: Abakhiqizi abaningi bahlinzeka ngamashadi ahambisanayo anemininingwane ezinto zabo. Lezi zinsiza zinikeza ireferensi esheshayo yokukhetha amapulasitiki afanelekile.
3. Yenza Ukuhlola Okuqondile Kwesicelo: Nakuba amashadi nedatha evamile kunikeza isiqondiso, ukuhlola komhlaba wangempela kuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi usebenza njengoba kulindelekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Ithiphu: Njalo hlola izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezilingisa eduze uhlelo oluhlosiwe. Lesi sinyathelo sinciphisa ingozi yokwehluleka okungalindelekile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

Ngokubeka phambili ukumelana namakhemikhali nokuhambisana, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza izingxenye ezibunjwe ngomjovo ezihlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza futhi zigcine ukwethembeka ezindaweni eziyinselele.

Izindleko Zokulinganisa Nokusebenza

Izithiyo Zesabelomali Nezindleko Zezinto ezibonakalayo

Izithiyo zesabelomali zivame ukuphoqa ukukhethwa kwempahla kumaphrojekthi wokubumba umjovo. Izindleko zokukhiqiza ingxenye yokubumba umjovo wepulasitiki incike ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwempahla, umthamo wokukhiqiza, nobunkimbinkimbi besikhunta. Ngomthamo ophansi wokukhiqiza, abakhiqizi bangase bakhiqize isikhunta endlini, okwandisa izindleko zengxenye ngayinye. Kodwa-ke, amanani okukhiqiza aphakathi nendawo namakhulu ayazuza emnothweni wesilinganiso, enciphisa izindleko ngengxenye ngayinye njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwanda.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto kudlala indima ebalulekileukulinganisa izindleko nokusebenza. Isibonelo, amapulasitiki asebenza kahle njenge-PEEK angase anikeze izakhiwo eziphakeme kodwa eze ngentengo ephezulu. Abakhiqizi kufanele bakale lezi zindleko ngokuqhathanisa nezinzuzo abazinikezayo.

Ukuhwebelana Phakathi Kwekhwalithi Nokuthengeka

Ukuzuza ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwekhwalithi nokufinyeleleka kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kokuhwebelana. Izinto zekhwalithi ephezulu zivame ukuletha ukusebenza okungcono, ukuqina, nokumelana nezinto zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, zingase zingahambelani njalo nezingqinamba zesabelomali. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa i-ABS esikhundleni se-polycarbonate kunganciphisa izindleko kuyilapho kugcina ukumelana nomthelela okwamukelekayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingafuneki kangako.

• Ukuhwebelana Okubalulekile Okuzocatshangelwa:
  • Ukukhetha Okubalulekile: Izinto ze-Premium zinyusa izindleko kodwa zithuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo.
  • I-Mold Complexity: Ukwenza lula imiklamo yesikhunta kungehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kodwa kungakhawulela ukuguquguquka kwedizayini.
  • Umthamo Wokukhiqiza: Amavolumu aphezulu anciphisa izindleko zengxenye ngayinye kodwa adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwangaphambili.

Abakhiqizi kufanele bahlole lokhu kuhwebelana ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza nesabelomali.

Ukusebenza Kwezindleko Zesikhathi eside

Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko zesikhathi esidekuvame ukuthethelela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Amapulasitiki aqinile njenge-polyethylene (PE) anikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile kunezinye izinto ezifana nephepha, ingilazi, noma i-aluminium. I-PE yehlisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ngama-70% futhi idinga amanzi amancane kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Lezi zinzuzo zihumusha zibe nomthelela ophansi kwezemvelo kanye nezindleko zokusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukutshala imali ezintweni ezihlala isikhathi eside nezisimeme kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa nokushintsha. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zokubumba umjovo wepulasitiki zihlala zingabizi kulo lonke umjikelezo wazo wokuphila.

Ukucubungula Okucatshangelwayo

Ukubunjwa okulula nokucutshungulwa

Ukubumba kalulakuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yenqubo yokubumba umjovo. Amapulastiki anezici zokugeleza ezibikezelwayo enza lula ukugcwaliswa kwesikhunta, anciphise amaphutha afana nama-voids noma ukugcwaliswa okungaphelele. Abakhiqizi bavame ukuhlola izinto ngokusekelwe ku-viscosity yazo kanye nezakhiwo ezishisayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucubungula okubushelelezi.

Imiklamo yesikhunta ethuthukisiwe, njengamashaneli okupholisa ahlelekile, athuthukisa ukusabalalisa kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokubunjwa. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganisa lezi ziteshi kunciphisa isikhathi somjikelezo ngo-26%, kwehlisa amazinga e-scrap, futhi kuqinisekisa ukubekezelelana okuqinile. Lezi ntuthuko zenza inqubo ibe namandla futhi yonge amandla.

Ithiphu: Ukukhetha izinto ezinokuziphatha kokugeleza okungaguquki kunciphisa izinselele zokucubungula futhi kuthuthukisa imiphumela yokukhiqiza.

Ukuncipha kanye Nokukhathazeka Kwempi

Ukuncipha kanye ne-warping yizindaba ezijwayelekile ekubumbeni umjovo. Lezi zinkinga zenzeka ngenxa yokuncipha komehluko ngesikhathi sokupholisa, okuholela ekuhlukeni kobukhulu kanye nokungaqini kwesakhiwo. Izinkomba zokuncipha ngokweqile zihlanganisa amashothi amafushane, osinki, i-voids, ne-warpage.

Izinto ezimbalwa zinomthelela ekuzinzeni kobukhulu, okuhlanganisa izinga lezinto ezibonakalayo, izimo zokukhunta, nezinguquko zemvelo. Isibonelo, ingcindezi eyinsalela evela emijikelezweni yokushisisa nokupholisa ephindaphindiwe ingabangela amapuleti e-polycarbonate ukuthi asonte, kuthinte ubukhulu bawo bokugcina. Abakhiqizi banciphisa lezi zingozi ngokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwesikhunta kanye nemingcele yokucubungula.

• Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile:
  • Ibanga lezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezakhiwo ezishisayo.
  • Izinga lokushisa lesikhunta namazinga okupholisa.
  • Izici zemvelo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

Isikhathi Somjikelezo kanye Nempumelelo Yokukhiqiza

Isikhathi somjikelezo sidlala indima ebalulekileekunqumeni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Isho isikhathi esiphelele esidingekayo ukuze umshini wokubumba umjovo uqedele umjikelezo owodwa, okuhlanganisa ukugcwaliswa, ukupholisa, nokukhipha. Izikhathi zomjikelezo omfushane zinyusa amazinga okukhiqiza futhi zinciphise izindleko zokusebenza, zizenze zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni umthamo omkhulu.

Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi ukulungiselelwa okuphelele kufinyelela isikhathi somjikelezo esimaphakathi samasekhondi angu-38.174, okubonisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha okubalulekile kanye nomklamo wesikhunta. Abakhiqizi babeka phambili izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinezici zokupholisa ezivumayo ukuze bakhulise ukukhiqiza nokunciphisa izindleko.

Ipulasitiki Esetshenziswa Ngokujwayelekile kanye Nezicelo Zazo

I-ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)

I-ABS iyi-thermoplastic eguquguqukayo esetshenziswa kabanzi ekubumbeni umjovo ngenxa yokumelana nomthelela omuhle kakhulu nokuqina kwayo. Abakhiqizi bathembele ku-ABS ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqina nokuzinza kwe-dimensional. Ikhono layo lokumelana nokucindezeleka komshini liyenza ifaneleke izingxenye zezimoto, njengamadeshibhodi nezingxenye zokunquma, kanye nezinto zikagesi zabathengi njengamakhibhodi namakesi efoni.

• Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko:
  • Izakhiwo eziqinile eziqinile ziqinisekisa ukuqina ezindaweni ezinomthelela omkhulu.
  • I-ABS igcina ubuqotho bayo besakhiwo ngokusebenzisa imijikelezo eminingi yokukhiqiza, iyenze ifanelekele ukufakwa kwesikhunta somjovo.
  • Ukuqedwa kwayo okubushelelezi kuthuthukisa ukukhanga kobuhle, okubalulekile emikhiqizweni ebheke abathengi.

I-ABS idume kakhulu e-Europe, lapho ibusa khona imboni yezimoto nezokuthutha. Ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwempahla kuyenza ibe yinketho ekhethwayo ezimbonini ezidinga izingxenye eziqinile nezihlala isikhathi eside.

Ithiphu: I-ABS iyinketho enhle kakhulu yemikhiqizo edinga amandla emishini nokukhanga okubonakalayo, okufana nengaphakathi lezimoto nezindlu zikagesi.

I-Polypropylene (PP)

I-Polypropylene ingenye yepulasitiki engabizi kakhulu futhi ehlala isikhathi eside esetshenziswa ekubumbeni umjovo. Imvelo yayo engasindi kanye nokumelana nomswakama kuyenza ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu. Abakhiqizi bathanda i-polypropylene ukuze isetshenziswe emaphaketheni, ezezimoto, nasezimpahleni zasendlini.

1. Izicelo Zezimoto:
   • Amakesi ebhethri, obhampa, nokusikwa kwangaphakathi kuyazuza ekuphikisweni komthelela we-polypropylene nokulolongeka.
   • Izakhiwo zayo ezingasindi zinciphisa isisindo semoto, zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli.
2. Ukupakisha Ukusetshenziswa:
   • I-Polypropylene ihamba phambili ezitsheni zokudla kanye nezigqoko zamabhodlela ngenxa yokumelana nomswakama wayo.
   • Ukuqina kwayo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni yokugcina nokuhamba.

Abakhiqizi bayazisa izindleko eziphansi ze-polypropylene kanye nokucutshungulwa kalula. Lezi zimfanelo zikwenza kube ukukhetha okuthembekile ezimbonini ezifuna izixazululo ezithengekayo kodwa ezihlala isikhathi eside.

Qaphela: Inhlanganisela ye-polypropylene yokufinyeleleka nokuguquguquka iqinisa indima yayo njengento eyisisekelo ekubunjweni komjovo.

I-Polycarbonate (PC)

I-Polycarbonate igqamile ngokucaca kwayo kwe-optical namandla emishini. Le thermoplastic ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukubonakala nokuqina. Izimboni ezifana nezezimoto, i-aerospace, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi zithembele ku-polycarbonate ngekhono layo lokugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo ngenkathi zibunjwa zibe izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

• Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
  • Amalensi amalambu emoto azuza ekuphikisweni komthelela ophezulu we-polycarbonate nokucaca kokubona.
  • Izingubo zamehlo eziphephile kanye nezibuko zisebenzisa ukubonakala kwazo kanye nokumelana ne-UV ukuze zisetshenziswe ngaphandle.
  • Izimpahla zasekhishini neziqukathi zokudla zisebenzisa ukumelana nokushisa kwazo ukuze ziphathwe ngendlela ephephile.

Inkomba ye-polycarbonate ye-refractive kanye nezakhiwo zokudlulisa ukukhanya kuyenza ilungele amalensi engilazi yamehlo nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokubona. Imvelo yayo engasindi kodwa eqinile iqinisekisa ukuqina ezindaweni ezinzima.

Ithiphu: I-Polycarbonate iyinketho ephezulu yezimboni ezidinga ukunemba nokucaca, njengokukhanya kwezimoto kanye nemishini yokuphepha.

Inayiloni (Polyamide)

Inayiloni, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide, iyinketho ethandwayo yokubumba umjovo ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zomshini nezokushisa. Abakhiqizi bavame ukusebenzisa inayiloni ezinhlelweni ezidinga amandla aphezulu, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqoka. Ukusebenziseka kwayo ngezindlela eziningi kuyenza ifanelekele izimboni ezifana nezezimoto, zikagesi, nezimpahla zabathengi.

Izici Eziyinhloko Zenayiloni

Inayiloni ikhombisa izici ezimbalwa eziyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwengcindezi ephezulu:

• Amandla aphezulu emishini kanye nokuqina.
• Ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okufanayo kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene.
• Ukumelana nokukhathala okuphezulu, okuyenza ifanele izinto ezifana namagiya namabheringi.
• Ukumelana namakhemikhali, okuyivumela ukuthi imelane nokuchayeka kumafutha, izinyibilikisi, namanye amakhemikhali.
• Ukuqina nokuguquguquka, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu.

Ithiphu: Inayiloni 6 inikeza ukucutshungulwa okungcono kanye nokuncipha kokuncipha kwesikhunta uma kuqhathaniswa neNyiloni 66, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kokubunjwa komjovo.

Imininingwane Yokusebenza

Ucwaningo lugqamisa ikhono leNyiloni lokugcina izakhiwo zayo ngaphansi kokulayisha okujikelezayo kanye nengcindezi yokushisa. Isibonelo, inayiloni 6 ikhombisa imodulus ephansi kuneNylon 66, ethuthukisa ukubukeka kwayo kwendawo futhi inciphise ukukhasa. Lezi zibaluli ziyenza ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukunemba nokuthembeka.

Inhlanganisela yamandla enayiloni, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali kuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi ekubumbeni umjovo. Abakhiqizi bathembele kulokhu okubalulekile emikhiqizweni efuna ukuqina nokusebenza okungaguquki.

I-Polyethylene (PE)

I-polyethylene ingenye yepulasitiki esetshenziswa kakhulu ekubunjweni komjovo ngenxa yokufinyeleleka kwayo, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kanye nokuhlukahluka. Le thermoplastic ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisukela emaphaketheni kuya ezintweni zezimoto.

Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali

I-polyethylene ihamba phambili ezindaweni lapho ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali kuvame. Imelana nama-asidi, ama-alkali, nezincibilikisi, okuyenza ifanelekele izitsha zokugcina, amathangi amakhemikhali, nezinhlelo zamapayipi. Ukuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo kubonisa ukuthi i-polyethylene idlula i-polypropylene ekumelaneni nama-solvents athile, iqinisekisa ukwethembeka ezimweni ezinzima.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza

Imvelo ye-polyethylene engasindi kanye nokuqina kwayo kuyenza ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu. Abakhiqizi bayisebenzisela:

• Ukupakisha: Iziqukathi zokudla, amabhodlela, namakepisi azuza ekumelaneni nomswakama nokuqina kwawo.
• Ezezimoto: Amathangi kaphethiloli namakhava okuvikela athuthukisa ukumelana kwawo namakhemikhali namandla omthelela.
• Izimpahla Zabathengi: Amathoyizi nezinto zasendlini zisebenzisa ukuguquguquka kwawo kanye nokucutshungulwa kalula.

Qaphela: Izindleko eziphansi ze-polyethylene kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo, njengokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, kukwenza kube ukukhetha okusimeme ekubunjweni komjovo.

Ibhalansi ye-polyethylene yokufinyeleleka nokusebenza kuqinisekisa ukuduma kwayo okuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izimboni.

I-PEEK (I-Polyether Ether Ketone)

I-PEEK iyi-thermoplastic esebenza kahle kakhulu eyaziwa ngezici zayo ezingavamile zokusebenzisa, ezishisayo, namakhemikhali. Izimboni ezifana ne-aerospace, ezokwelashwa, nezezimoto zithembele ku-PEEK ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukunemba nokuqina.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko

I-PEEK inikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa eziyenza ivelele:

• Igcina ukuqina emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-250°C, nendawo yokuncibilika engu-343°C.
• Imelana namakhemikhali, izinyibilikisi, kanye ne-hydrolysis, iqinisekisa ukwethembeka ezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
• I-Autoclavable, iyenza ifaneleke izicelo zezokwelapha.
• Ubuthi obuphansi kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi lapho kuvezwa amalangabi, kuthuthukisa ukuphepha.
• I-Biocompatible emabangeni athile, ibalulekile kumishini yezokwelapha.

Ithiphu: Ukusebenza kwe-PEEK kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bafinyelele ukubekezelelana okuqinile nokunemba okuphezulu, okuyenza ilungele imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza

Izakhiwo ze-PEEK ziyenza ifaneleke izicelo ezifunayo:

• I-Aerospace: Izingxenye ezinjengama-seal nama-bearings ziyazuza ekumelaneni nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu namandla.
• Ezokwelapha: Amathuluzi okuhlinza kanye nezimila kuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kwayo kwe-biocompatibility kanye ne-autoclavability.
• Ezezimoto: Izingxenye zenjini nezingxenye zokudlulisela zisebenzisa ukuqina kwayo kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali.

Ikhono le-PEEK lokugcina izakhiwo zayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezibucayi liqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinhlelweni ezibucayi. Abakhiqizi bayakwazisa ukuphila kwayo isikhathi eside nokuthembeka, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuncanyelwayo kokubunjwa komjovo osebenza kahle kakhulu.

I-PET (i-Polyethylene Terephthalate)

I-Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) iyi-polymer ye-thermoplastic esetshenziswa kakhulu eyaziwa ngamandla ayo amangalisayo, ukuqina, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha. Abakhiqizi bavame ukukhetha i-PET yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukucaca okuphezulu, ukumelana namakhemikhali, nokuzinza kobukhulu. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuyenza ibe yintandokazi kuzo zonke izimboni ezifana nokupakisha, ezezimoto, nezindwangu.

Izici ezibalulekile ze-PET

I-PET inikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezakhiwo eziyenza ifanele ukubunjwa komjovo. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Amandla Aphezulu Nokuqina: I-PET inikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, iqinisekisa ukuqina nokumelana nokuguqulwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
• Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali: Imelana nama-asidi amaningi, uwoyela, notshwala, okuyenza ifaneleke emikhiqizweni evezwe ezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
• Ukuzinza Okushisayo: I-PET igcina ukwakheka nokusebenza kwayo emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, nendawo yokuncibilika ecishe ibe ngu-250°C.
• Ukungafihli: Ukucaca kwayo okubonakalayo kuyenza ibe yinto ekhethwayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqedwa okucacile, njengamabhodlela neziqukathi.
• Ukusebenziseka kabusha: I-PET ingenye yamapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabusha kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, anikela emikhubeni eqhubekayo yokukhiqiza.

Ithiphu: Ukusebenziseka kabusha kwe-PET akunciphisi nje kuphela umthelela wendawo kodwa futhi kwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ngokuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezigaywe kabusha.

Izicelo ze-PET ku-Injection Molding

Izakhiwo ze-PET ziyenza ifanelekele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ezinye zezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zihlanganisa:

1. Ukupakisha: I-PET ibusa imboni yokupakisha ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo, amandla, nokungafihli lutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa:
   • Amabhodlela eziphuzo
   • Izitsha zokudla
   • Ukupakishwa kwezimonyo
2. Izingxenye Zezimoto: Ukuzinza kwe-PET okushisayo nokumelana namakhemikhali kuyenza ifaneleke ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwe-hood, njengezindlu namakhava.
3. Ezogesi neze-elekthronikhi: Izakhiwo zokuvikela ze-PET kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesudi yokuqina kwe-dimensional njengezixhumi, amaswishi, nezivalo.
4. Izindwangu: Izintambo ze-PET, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-polyester, zisetshenziswa ezingutsheni, ekugqokeni izingubo nasezindwangu zezimboni.

Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa I-PET Ekubumbeni Umjovo

I-PET inikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa eziyenza ibe yinto ethandwayo yokubumba umjovo:

• Ukucubungula Kalula: I-PET igeleza kahle ngesikhathi sokubunjwa, iqinisekisa imiphumela engaguquki kanye nokukhubazeka okuncane.
• Ukunemba kweDimensional: Ikhiqiza izingxenye ezinokubekezelelana okuqinile, okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okunembayo.
• Ukusebenza Kwezindleko: Ikhono lokusebenzisa i-PET egaywe kabusha (rPET) yehlisa izindleko zezinto futhi isekela ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile.
• Isikhalazo Sobuhle: Ukuqedwa okubushelelezi kwe-PET nokuba sobala kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ebonakalayo yezingxenye ezibunjiwe.

Qaphela: I-PET idinga ukomiswa okufanele ngaphambi kokubunjwa ukuvimbela i-hydrolysis, engenza buthaka impahla futhi ithinte ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Izinselelo Nokucatshangelwa

Nakuba i-PET inikeza izinzuzo eziningi, abakhiqizi kufanele babhekane nezinselelo ezithile ngesikhathi sokucubungula:

• Ukuzwela Komswakama: I-PET imunca umswakama ovela emoyeni, ongalulaza izakhiwo zayo ngesikhathi sokubunjwa. Ukomisa kuqala impahla kubalulekile.
• Amazinga Okushisa Okucubungula Aphezulu: I-PET idinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu okubumba uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amapulasitiki, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
• I-Crystallization Control: Ukufinyelela izinga elifiselekayo lokucwebezela kubalulekile ekulinganiseni ukubonakala kwamandla namandla emishini.

Ngokuqonda lezi zinselelo, abakhiqizi bangathuthukisa izinqubo zabo ukuze basebenzise ngokugcwele izinzuzo ze-PET.

Kungani Khetha i-PET?

I-PET igqama njengento ethembekile futhi eqhubekayo yokubumba umjovo. Inhlanganisela yayo yamandla, ukucaca, kanye nokugaywa kabusha kuyenza ifanele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Izimboni ezifuna izixazululo ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye ne-eco-friendly ngokuvamile ziphendukela ku-PET ngezidingo zazo zokukhiqiza.

Bizela Esenzweni: Abakhiqizi kufanele bacabangele i-PET kumaphrojekthi adinga ibhalansi yokusebenza, ubuhle, nokusimama. Ukuhlola i-PET ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezidingo ezifiselekayo zohlelo ngalunye.

Ukukhetha ipulasitiki efaneleekubumbeni umjovo kuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza, ubuhle, nokuqina. Impahla ngayinye inikezela ngezinto ezihlukile, njengokungqubuzana okuphansi kwe-Polioxymethylene (POM) noma ukugaywa kabusha kwe-Polypropylene (PP). Abakhiqizi bayazuza enkululekweni yokuklama, udoti oncishisiwe, kanye nokunemba lapho kuqondisa ukukhetha kwezinto ezibonakalayo nezidingo zomkhiqizo.

Ukudala uhlu lokuhlola izidingo ezithile kwenza inqubo yokukhetha ibe lula. Ukubonisana nochwepheshe kusiza ukukhomba izinto ezifana ne-Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), emelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, noma i-Polystyrene (PS), elungele amadivayisi wezokwelapha angasindi.Izinto zokuhlola ngaphansi kwezimo zomhlaba wangempelaiqinisekisa ukufaneleka ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa kwesikali esigcwele.

Ithiphu: Beka kuqala izinto ezilinganisa ukusebenza, izindleko, nokusimama ukuze kuzuzwe impumelelo yesikhathi eside.

FAQ

Iyiphi ipulasitiki engabizi kakhulu yokubumba umjovo?

I-Polypropylene (PP) ingenye yepulasitiki ebiza kakhulu. Inikeza ukuqina, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kanye nokucubungula kalula. Abakhiqizi bavame ukuyikhethela ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu ngenxa yokukwazi ukuthengeka nokuguquguquka kuzo zonke izimboni ezifana nokupakisha nezimoto.

Abakhiqizi banganciphisa kanjani ukuncipha ngesikhathi sokubumba umjovo?

Abakhiqizi banganciphisa ukuncipha ngokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwesikhunta, ngokulawula amazinga okupholisa, nokukhetha izinto ezinezinto ezinciphayo eziphansi, njenge-ABS noma inayiloni. Ukuphathwa kahle kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokubumba futhi kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-dimensional.

Iyiphi ipulasitiki elungele ukusetshenziswa okunokushisa okuphezulu?

I-PEEK (I-Polyether Ether Ketone) ilungele izindawo ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Igcina izici zayo zomshini emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-250°C. Lokhu kuyenza ifanelekele i-aerospace, ezezimoto, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezokwelapha ezidinga ukuzinza kwe-thermal.

Ingabe amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha afanele ukubunjwa komjovo?

Yebo, amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha angasebenza kahle ekubumbeni umjovo. Izinto ezifana ne-PET egaywe kabusha (rPET) zigcina izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini futhi zinciphisa umthelela wendawo. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi kufanele baqinisekise ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okufanele ukugwema ukungcoliswa noma ukusebenza okungahambisani.

Ukuhlola kanjani ukumelana namakhemikhali epulasitiki?

Abakhiqizi bahlola ukumelana namakhemikhali ngokudalula amasampula epulasitiki kumakhemikhali athile ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Bahlola izinguquko zesisindo, ubukhulu, ukubukeka, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi impahla ingamelana nemvelo yayo yamakhemikhali ehlosiwe.

Ithiphu: Hlala ubheka amashadi okumelana namakhemikhali futhi wenze ukuhlola komhlaba wangempela ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile.