Ukukhetha iplastiki efanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuveliseni iindawo zokubumba iinaliti zeplastiki ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezomeleleyo. Isixhobo ngasinye sinikezela ngeempawu ezizodwa ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwemveliso yokugqibela, ixabiso kunye nozinzo. Abavelisi babeka phambili izinto ezifana namandla, ukumelana nobushushu, kunye nokuhambelana kweekhemikhali ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zemvelisoiinxalenye ezibunjiweyo zesitofu seplastiki.

Ukusebenza kweendleko kudlala indima ephambili ekukhetheni izinto eziphathekayo. Iinkqubo zokurisayikilishwa koomatshini eYurophu zandisa ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki, okonga ukuya kutsho kwiitoni ezi-2.3 zokukhutshwa kweCO2 ngetoni nganye esetyenzisiweyo. Ezi ndlela nazo zandisa ubomi beIimveliso ezibunjiweyo zesitofu seplastikingelixa kuncitshiswa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Ngokulungelelanisa iipropathi zezinto eziphathekayo kunye neenjongo zokuvelisa iinxalenye zeplastiki zenaliti, amashishini afezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha elide.

Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

• Ukukhetha iiplastiki elungileyoibalulekile kwiindawo ezibunjiweyo ezilungileyo. Cinga ngamandla, ukumelana nobushushu, kunye nokhuseleko lweekhemikhali kwimveliso yakho.
• Jonga ukuba imveliso yakho idinga ntoni ukuze isebenze kakuhle. Ezinye iiplastiki, njenge-polyethylene, zigobile, ngelixa i-polypropylene iqinile.
• Yazi iiimeko zemveliso yakhouya kujongana. Khetha izinto ezihlala zomelele kubushushu, kubumanzi, okanye kuxinzelelo.
• Gxininisa kukhuseleko lweekhemikhali xa ukhetha iiplastiki. Qinisekisa ukuba iplastiki ayiyi kuphuka kwiikhemikhali ezichukumisayo.
• Yenza umlinganiselo weendleko kunye nomgangatho wokufumana eyona ndlela ilungileyo. Izinto ezingcono zinokubiza ngaphezulu kodwa zihlala ixesha elide kwaye zifuna ukulungiswa kancinci.

Ukuqonda iimfuno zakho zeMveliso

IiMfuno zokuSebenza kunye nokuSebenza

Yonke indawo yokubumba inaliti yeplastiki kufuneka ihlangabezane neendlela ezithile zokusebenza kunye nokusebenza. Iiimpawu zemathiriyelikufuneka ihambelane nenjongo yokusetyenziswa kwemveliso. Ngokomzekelo, iiplastiki ezine-ductility ephezulu, ezifana ne-polyethylene (PE), zifanelekile kwizicelo ezifuna ukuguquguquka, ngelixa izinto eziqinileyo ezifana ne-polypropylene (PP) zihambelana noyilo oluqinileyo.

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso isebenza njengoko kulindelekile ngelixa inciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

Iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide

Iiplastiki kufuneka zimelane neemeko zokusingqongileyo eziza kudibana nazo. Izinto ezifana nobushushu, ukufuma, kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini kunokuchaphazela ukuqina. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba i-ABS yonyuka kwimodyuli e-elastic emva komjikelo womothuko, ngelixa i-PLA iyancipha ekwaphuleni uxinzelelo phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo. I-HIPS igcina amandla ayo nangona izothuso, iyenza ilungele usetyenziso oluchasene nempembelelo.

• Iziphumo eziphambili ngoKuhlala ixesha elide:
  • I-ASA ibonisa utshintsho oluncinci kuxinzelelo ngexesha lekhefu kodwa ilahlekelwa yi-43% yamandla ayo empembelelo emva komjikelo womothuko omnye.
  • I-HIPS igcina amandla omatshini aphezulu kunye notshintsho oluncinci kwimodyuli enwebekayo.
  • I-PLA kunye ne-ABS zibonisa ukunciphisa amandla empembelelo emva kwemijikelo yomothuko emininzi.

Ukuqonda ezi zintlukwano kunceda abavelisi bakhethe izinto eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhlala ixesha elide.

IiNgqwalasela zoBubuhle kunye noYilo

Isibheno sobuhle sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni izinto eziphathekayo. Abathengi bahlala benxulumanisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye noyilo olubonakalayo. Ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo luchaphazela ukugqiba komphezulu, umbala, kunye nokuthungwa. Ngokomzekelo, iiparamitha zokunyamezela kunye nobukhulu bodonga zichaphazela ukubonakala kokugqibela kweendawo ezibunjiweyo.

1. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wobuhle beemveliso zeplastiki.
2. Imiba yoyilo efana nobukhulu bodonga kunye neeparamitha zokunyamezelana zimisela umphumo wokubonwayo.
3. Ukudibanisa ubuchule bobugcisa kunye neziphumo zobugcisa kuyilo olukhangayo kunye nokusebenzayo.

Ukongeza, izixhobo ezihambelana ne-eco-friendly zonyusa isibheno semveliso ngokujongana neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo, eziya zibaluleke kakhulu kubathengi.

IiPropati zeMathiriyeli eziPhambili eziza kuVavanywa

Amandla kunye neePropati zoomatshini

Amandla kunye neepropathi zoomatshini bezinto ezibonakalayo zimisela amandla ayo okumelana namandla ngaphandle kokonakala okanye ukwaphuka. Ezi mpawu zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kwenxalenye yokubumba inaliti yeplastiki. Iimetriki eziphambili zibandakanya amandla okuqina, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, kunye nemodyuli eguquguqukayo. Umzekelo, i-ABS inikezela ngoxhathiso olugqwesileyo lwempembelelo, iyenza ilungele izicelo ezifuna ubunzima, ngelixa iNylon 6 ibonelela ngamandla okuqina aphezulu kumacandelo athwele umthwalo.

• Uthelekiso lwamanani:
  • Izifundo ezithelekisa iiplastiki ezifana ne-PLA, i-ABS, kunye neNylon 6 zibonisa umahluko omkhulu kwiipropathi zoomatshini ezisekelwe kubuchule bokwenza.
  • Uhlalutyo lweendlela ezi-2 ze-ANOVA (p≤ 0.05) ibalaselisa ukwahluka kobuninzi, amandla okuqina, kunye nemilinganiselo yokuguquguquka phakathi kokubumba inaliti kunye nokwenziwa kwefilament edibeneyo.

Ukuqonda lo mahluko kunceda abavelisi bakhethe izixhobo ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokusebenza. Umzekelo, i-PLA ebunjiweyo benaliti ibonisa amandla aphezulu aphezulu kune-3D eprintiweyo, iyenza ibe lolona khetho lungcono kusetyenziso lwesakhiwo.

Ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokuzinza kweThermal

Ukumelana nobushushu yinto ebalulekileyo kwiiplastiki ezivezwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Izinto eziphathekayo ezinozinzo oluphezulu lwe-thermal zigcina imilo yazo kunye nokusebenza phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-thermal. Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo, olufana noBubushushu boBubushushu (HDT) kunye noVavanyo loxinzelelo lweBhola, luba ubungakanani besakhono semathiriyeli sokumelana nobushushu.

Umzekelo, i-PEEK ibonisa ukuxhathisa ubushushu obukhethekileyo, ukumelana namaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-250 ° C, iyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwe-aerospace kunye ne-automotive applications. Ngokwahlukileyo, izinto ezifana ne-polypropylene (PP) zifaneleka ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi ngenxa yokuzinza kwazo okuphantsi kwe-thermal.

Uphando lukwabonisa ukuba ukuqina kobushushu kunokonyusa okwethutyana i-material's critical thermal maximum (CTmax), iphucula ukusebenza kwayo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Oku kuziqhelanisa kwenza iiplastiki ezithile ziguquguquke ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifunwayo.

Iimpawu zeViscosity kunye neFlow

I-Viscosity kunye neempawu zokuhamba zichaphazela indlela iplastiki igcwalisa ngayo isikhunta ngexesha lenkqubo yokutofa. Izinto eziphathekayo ezine-viscosity ephantsi zihamba ngokulula ngakumbi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko weziphene ezifana ne-voids okanye ukuzaliswa okungaphelelanga. I-Cross/Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) imodeli ye-viscosity inceda abavelisi baqikelele ukuba ubushushu, izinga lokucheba, kunye noxinzelelo luchaphazela njani i-viscosity yokunyibilika.

Amanyathelo aphambili okuvavanya iimpawu zokuhamba aquka:

1. Yenza i-viscosity curves ehambelanayo ngokuthatha isampuli ukungunda kumazinga ahlukeneyo okuhamba.
2. Umatshini woxwebhu lokuzalisa ixesha kunye noxinzelelo lwenaliti ephezulu.
3. Bala i-viscosity ehambelanayo kunye nereyithi yokucheba usebenzisa i-equations ezithile.
4. Igrafu viscosity ngokuchasene nesantya sokucheba ukuchonga imimandla yokuhamba okuzinzileyo.
5. Khetha iiplastiki ezisekelwe ekupheleni kwe "flat" yegrafu, apho i-viscosity ishintsha kancinane.

Ngokomzekelo, i-polycarbonate (i-PC) ibonisa ukuziphatha okuhambayo okungaguqukiyo, okwenza ukuba ilungele ukubumba okuyinkimbinkimbi kunye neenkcukacha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuqonda iiparamitha ze-viscosity, abavelisi banokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokuqinisekisa iziphumo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ukunyangwa kweMichiza kunye nokuhambelana

Ukumelana nemichiza kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukufaneleka kweplastiki kwizicelo zokubumba inaliti. Iimveliso ezininzi zidibana neekhemikhali ngexesha lomjikelo wabo wobomi, kubandakanya iiarhente zokucoca, izibaso, ioyile, okanye izinyibilikisi. Isakhono sesixhobo sokuxhathisa ukuthotywa kweekhemikhali siqinisekisa ukuba imveliso igcina imfezeko yolwakhiwo, inkangeleko, kunye nokusebenza ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukuxhathisa kwiMichiza

Iplastiki evezwe kwiikhemikhali ezingahambelaniyo inokudumba, ukuqhekeka, ukujika kombala, okanye ukusilela ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, isikhongozeli seplastiki esilungiselelwe ukugcina izinyibilikisi zemizi-mveliso kufuneka sixhathise ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezinokubeka esichengeni ukuqina kwaso. Ngokufanayo, izixhobo zonyango zifuna izinto ezihlala zizinzile xa zivezwe kwi-disinfectants okanye ulwelo lomzimba. Ukukhetha iplastiki enganyangekiyo ngamachiza kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwemveliso kwaye yandise ixesha layo lokuphila.

Ukuvavanya ukuhambelana kweMichiza

Abavelisi bavavanya ukumelana neekhemikhali ngovavanyo olusemgangathweni. Olu vavanyo lulinganisa iimeko zehlabathi lokwenyani ukuvavanya indlela iiplastiki eziphendula ngayo kwiikhemikhali ezithile. Le nkqubo iquka ukubeka imizekelo yeplastiki kwimichiza eyahlukeneyo kusetyenziswa iindlela ezinjengokuntywilisela, ukosula, okanye ukutshiza. Emva kokuvezwa, imathiriyeli ivavanywa kutshintsho kubunzima, imilinganiselo, inkangeleko, kunye neempawu zoomatshini njengamandla okuqina.

Le ndlela ecwangcisiweyo inceda abavelisi bachonge iiplastiki ezinokumelana neendawo ezithile zeekhemikhali. Ngokomzekelo, i-polypropylene (PP) ibonisa ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kwi-acids kunye neziseko, iyenza ilungele iitanki zokugcina imichiza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-polycarbonate (i-PC) inokuthotywa xa ibonakaliswe kwi-solvents ethile, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizicelo ezinjalo.

Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo zokukhetha izinto eziphathekayo

1. Qonda iNdawo yeMichiza: Chonga iindidi zeekhemikhali imveliso eza kudibana nazo kubomi bayo. Qwalasela izinto ezifana nokugxila, ubushushu, kunye nobude bexesha lokutyhileka.
2. Qhagamshelana neetshathi zokuChasa imichiza: Abavelisi abaninzi babonelela ngeetshati ezihambelanayo ezineenkcukacha zezinto zabo. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngereferensi ekhawulezayo yokukhetha iiplastiki ezifanelekileyo.
3. Yenza uvavanyo lwe-Application-Specific: Ngelixa iitshathi kunye nedatha ngokubanzi zibonelela ngesikhokelo, uvavanyo lwehlabathi lokwenyani luqinisekisa ukuba izinto zisebenza njengoko kulindelekile phantsi kweemeko ezithile.

Ingcebiso: Hlala uvavanya imathiriyeli phantsi kweemeko ezilingisa ngokusondeleyo usetyenziso olucetywayo. Eli nyathelo linciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli okungalindelekanga ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.

Ngokubeka phambili ukumelana neekhemikhali kunye nokuhambelana, abavelisi banokuvelisa iinxalenye ezibunjiweyo zenaliti ezihlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kunye nokugcina ukuthembeka kwiindawo ezinomngeni.

Iindleko zokulinganisa kunye nokuSebenza

Izithintelo zoHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali kunye neeNdleko zezinto eziphathekayo

Imiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ihlala iyalela ukuba kukhethwe imathiriyeli kwiiprojekthi zokubumba iinaliti. Iindleko zokuvelisa inxalenye yokubumba inaliti yeplastiki ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa uhlobo lwempahla, umthamo wemveliso, kunye nobunzima bokubumba. Ngomthamo ophantsi wemveliso, abavelisi banokuvelisa iimbumba ngaphakathi kwindlu, oko kwandisa iindleko zenxalenye nganye. Nangona kunjalo, umthamo wemveliso ophakathi kunye nomkhulu uyaxhamla kuqoqosho lwesikali, ukwehlisa iindleko ngenxalenye njengoko imveliso isanda.

Ukukhetha izinto eziphathekayo kudlala indima ebalulekileyoukulinganisa iindleko kunye nokusebenza. Umzekelo, iiplastiki ezisebenza ngokuphezulu njengePEEK zinokubonelela ngezakhiwo eziphezulu kodwa zize ngexabiso eliphezulu. Abavelisi kufuneka balinganise ezi ndleko ngokuthelekisa nezibonelelo ababonelela ngazo.

Urhwebo phakathi koMgangatho kunye nokufikeleleka

Ukuzuza ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo phakathi komgangatho kunye nokufikeleleka kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kurhwebo. Izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu zihlala zibonelela ngokusebenza ngcono, ukuqina, kunye nokuchasana nezinto ezisingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, zisenokungasoloko zihambelana nemiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-ABS endaweni yepolycarbonate kunokunciphisa iindleko ngelixa kugcinwa uxhathiso olwamkelekileyo lwempembelelo kwizicelo ezingafuneki kangako.

• URhwebelwano oluPhambili ekufuneka luqwalaselwe:
  • Ukukhethwa kwezinto: Izixhobo zePremium zonyusa iindleko kodwa ziphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso.
  • Ukuntsokotha komngundo: Ukwenza lula uyilo lokungunda kunokuthoba iindleko zemveliso kodwa kunokunciphisa ukuguquguquka koyilo.
  • Umthamo weMveliso: Umthamo ophezulu unciphisa iindleko zenxalenye nganye kodwa ufuna utyalo-mali lwangaphambili.

Abavelisi kufuneka bavavanye oku kurhweba ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela iyahlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza nezohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

Ixesha elide lokuSebenza kweNdleko

Ukusebenza kweendleko zexesha elideihlala ithethelela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Iiplastiki ezizinzileyo ezifana ne-polyethylene (PE) zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kunezinye izinto ezifana nephepha, iglasi, okanye i-aluminiyam. I-PE inciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse ngama-70% kwaye ifuna amanzi amancinci kunye nezinto eziluhlaza ngexesha lemveliso. Ezi nzuzo ziguqulela kwimpembelelo ephantsi yokusingqongileyo kunye neendleko zokusebenza ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Utyalo-mali kwizinto ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nezizinzileyo kunciphisa iindleko zokugcina kunye nokutshintshwa. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba iinxalenye zokubumba iinaliti zeplastiki zihlala zinendleko kubo bonke ubomi babo.

Ukuqwalasela ukuqwalaselwa

UkuLula kokuBumba kunye nokuLungiswa

Ukulula ukubumbaichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wenkqubo yokubumba inaliti. Iiplastiki ezineempawu zokuhamba eziqikelelwayo zenza lula ukuzaliswa kwesikhunta, ukunciphisa iziphene ezifana ne-voids okanye ukuzaliswa okungaphelelanga. Abavelisi bahlala bevavanya izinto ezisekelwe kwi-viscosity yabo kunye neempawu ze-thermal ukuqinisekisa ukuqhutyelwa phambili.

Uyilo lokungunda oluphuculweyo, olufana neetshaneli zokupholisa ezisemthethweni, ziphucula ukuhanjiswa kobushushu ngexesha lokubumba. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukudibanisa le mijelo kunciphisa ixesha lokujikeleza nge-26%, kunciphisa amaxabiso e-scrap, kwaye iqinisekisa ukunyamezelana. Ezi nkqubela phambili zenza inkqubo yomelele kwaye yonge amandla.

Ingcebiso: Ukukhetha imathiriyeli enokuziphatha okuqukuqelayo okungaguqukiyo kunciphisa imiceli mngeni kwaye iphucula iziphumo zemveliso.

Ukushwabana kunye neeNgxaki zokuWarping

Ukushwabana kunye ne-warping yimiba eqhelekileyo ekubumbeni inaliti. Ezi ziphene zenzeka ngenxa yokwahluka kokuncipha ngexesha lokupholisa, okukhokelela ekuhlukeni kwe-dimensional kunye nokungazinzi kwesakhiwo. Iimpawu zokuncipha okugqithisileyo ziquka izithonga ezimfutshane, iisinki, i-voids, kunye ne-warpage.

Izinto ezininzi ziphembelela uzinzo lwe-dimensional, kubandakanywa ibakala lezinto eziphathekayo, iimeko zokungunda, kunye nokutshintsha kwemo engqongileyo. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lokufudumeza okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nemijikelo yokupholisa kunokubangela ukuba iipleyiti ze-polycarbonate zijike, zichaphazele imilinganiselo yazo yokugqibela. Abavelisi banciphisa le mingcipheko ngokulungisa uyilo lokungunda kunye neeparamitha zokusetyenzwa.

• Iingqwalasela ezingundoqo:
  • Ibakala lezinto eziphathekayo kunye neempawu ze-thermal.
  • Ubushushu bomngundo kunye namazinga okupholisa.
  • Imiba yokusingqongileyo ngexesha lemveliso.

Ixesha le-Cycle kunye neMveliso efanelekileyo

Ixesha lomjikelo lidlala indima ebalulekileyoekumiseleni impumelelo yemveliso. Ibhekisela kwixesha elipheleleyo elifunekayo kumatshini wokubumba inaliti ukugqiba umjikelo omnye, kuquka ukuzaliswa, ukupholisa, kunye nokukhupha. Amaxesha omjikelo omfutshane anyusa amazinga emveliso kwaye anciphise iindleko zokusebenza, oko kubenza babaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso ephezulu.

Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lufezekisa ixesha lokujikeleza okuphakathi kwemizuzwana ye-38.174, ebonisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha izinto eziphathekayo kunye noyilo lokubumba. Abavelisi babeka phambili imathiriyeli eneempawu zokupholisa ezifanelekileyo ukunyusa imveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.

Iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nezicelo zazo

I-ABS (i-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)

I-ABS yi-thermoplastic eguquguqukayo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekubumbeni inaliti ngenxa yempembelelo yayo entle yokuchasa kunye nokuqina. Abavelisi baxhomekeke kwi-ABS kwizicelo ezifuna ukuqina kunye nokuzinza komda. Isakhono sayo sokumelana noxinzelelo lomatshini siyenza ilunge kumalungu emoto, anje ngedashbhodi kunye nezixhobo zetrim, kunye nezinto zombane zabathengi ezifana neekeyboard kunye neemeko zefowuni.

• IiNzuzo eziPhambili:
  • Iipropathi ezinamandla zokuqina ziqinisekisa ukuqina kwiindawo ezinempembelelo ephezulu.
  • I-ABS igcina imfezeko yolwakhiwo ngemijikelo emininzi yemveliso, iyenza ilungele ukufaka isitofu sokungunda.
  • Ukugqitywa kwayo okugudileyo konyusa umtsalane wobuhle, obalulekileyo kwiimveliso ezijongana nabathengi.

I-ABS ithandwa kakhulu eYurophu, apho ilawula icandelo leemoto kunye nezothutho. Ukuthembeka kwemathiriyeli kunye nokusebenza kwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo kumashishini afuna amacandelo aqinileyo kunye nexesha elide.

Ingcebiso: I-ABS lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwiimveliso ezifuna amandla omatshini kunye nokubukeka okubonakalayo, okunje ngemoto yangaphakathi kunye nezindlu zombane.

Iipolypropylene (PP)

I-Polypropylene yenye yezona plastiki zingabizi kakhulu kwaye zihlala zihlala zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubumba inaliti. Ubume bayo obulula kunye nokuchasana nokufuma kwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwimveliso ephezulu. Abavelisi bathanda i-polypropylene kwizicelo zokupakisha, iimoto, kunye nempahla yasekhaya.

1. Izicelo zeemoto:
   • Izingxobo zebhetri, iibhampa, kunye nesitrim sangaphakathi zixhamla kwimpembelelo yokuchasa i-polypropylene kunye nokubumba.
   • Iimpawu zayo ezilula zinciphisa ubunzima besithuthi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kokuPakisha:
   • I-Polypropylene igqwesa kwizikhongozeli zokutya kunye neebhotile zebhotile ngenxa yokumelana nokufuma kwayo.
   • Ukuqina kwayo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide ekugcinweni nasekuthuthweni.

Abavelisi bayayixabisa ixabiso eliphantsi lepolypropylene kunye nokulula ukusetyenzwa. Ezi mpawu zenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oluthembekileyo kumashishini afuna izisombululo ezifikelelekayo kodwa ezomeleleyo.

Phawula: Indibaniselwano yePolypropylene yokufikeleleka kunye nokuguquguquka kuqinisa indima yayo njengento esisiseko ekubumbeni inaliti.

Polycarbonate (PC)

I-Polycarbonate ivelele ngenxa yokucaca kwayo kunye namandla omatshini. Le thermoplastic isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizicelo ezifuna ukungafihli kunye nokuqina. Imizi-mveliso efana neemoto, i-aerospace, kunye nempahla yabathengi ixhomekeke kwipolycarbonate ngokukwazi kwayo ukugcina imfezeko yolwakhiwo ngelixa ibunjwa kwiimilo ezintsonkothileyo.

• Usetyenziso:
  • Iilensi zezibane zemoto zixhamla kwimpembelelo ephezulu ye-polycarbonate yokuxhathisa kunye nokucaca kwamehlo.
  • Izinxibo zamehlo ezikhuselekileyo kunye nezibuko zisebenzisa ukungafihli kunye nokuxhathisa kwe-UV kusetyenziso lwangaphandle.
  • I-Kitchenware kunye nezikhongozeli zokutya ziphakamisa ukuxhathisa ubushushu ekuphathweni ngokukhuselekileyo.

Isalathiso se-refractive se-Polycarbonate kunye neempawu zokuhambisa ukukhanya zenza ukuba zilungele iilensi zeglasi kunye nezinye izixhobo zokukhanya. Ikhaphukhaphu kodwa indalo yayo eyomeleleyo iqinisekisa ukuqina kwindawo ezisingqongileyo.

Ingcebiso: I-Polycarbonate lukhetho oluphezulu kumashishini afuna ukuchaneka nokucaca, njengokukhanya kweemoto kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko.

Inayiloni (Polyamide)

Inayiloni, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-polyamide, lukhetho oludumileyo lokubumba inaliti ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zoomatshini kunye ne-thermal. Abavelisi bahlala besebenzisa iNylon kwizicelo ezifuna amandla aphezulu, ukuqina, kunye nokuchasana nokunxiba. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuyenza ifaneleke kumashishini afana neemoto, ezombane, kunye nempahla yabathengi.

Iimpawu eziphambili zeNayiloni

Inayiloni ibonisa iimpawu ezininzi ezenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu:

• Amandla aphezulu oomatshini kunye nokuqina.
• Uzinzo olugqwesileyo lwe-thermal, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okufanayo kuwo wonke amaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo.
• Ukumelana nokudinwa okuphezulu, kuyenza ilungele amacandelo afana neegiya kunye neebheringi.
• Ukumelana nemichiza, ukuyivumela ukuba imelane nokuvezwa kwi-oyile, izinyibilikisi, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali.
• Ukuqina kunye nokuguquguquka, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhlala ixesha elide kwiindawo ezifunayo.

Ingcebiso: Inayiloni 6 inika inkqubo engcono kunye nokunciphisa i-mold shrinkage xa kuthelekiswa neNylon 66, okwenza kube yinto ekhethiweyo yokubumba inaliti.

Iingcaciso zoMsebenzi

Uphando luqaqambisa ukukwazi kweNylon ukugcina iipropathi zayo phantsi komthwalo we-cyclic kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu. Umzekelo, iNylon 6 ibonisa imodyuli esezantsi kuneNylon 66, ephucula inkangeleko yayo yomphezulu kwaye inciphisa ukukhasa. Ezi mpawu ziyenza ilungele izicelo ezifuna ukuchaneka nokuthembeka.

Indibaniselwano yamandla enayiloni, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali kuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi ekubumbeni inaliti. Abavelisi baxhomekeke kule mveliso kwiimveliso ezifuna ukuqina kunye nokusebenza okungaguqukiyo.

Polyethylene (PE)

I-Polyethylene yenye yezona plastiki zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekubumbeni inaliti ngenxa yokufikeleleka kwayo, ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye nokuguquguquka. Le thermoplastic ilungele usetyenziso olususela kwipakethe ukuya kwizinto zeemoto.

Ukumelana nemichiza

I-polyethylene igqwesa kwiindawo apho ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali kuqhelekileyo. Ixhathisa i-asidi, i-alkali, kunye nezinyibilikisi, iyenza ifanelekele izikhongozeli zokugcina, iitanki zekhemikhali, kunye neenkqubo zemibhobho. Uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo lubonisa ukuba i-polyethylene idlula i-polypropylene ekuchaseni i-solvents ethile, iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwiimeko ezinzima.

Usetyenziso

Ubume bePolyethylene bukhaphukhaphu kunye nokuqina kwenza ukuba ilungele imveliso ephezulu. Abavelisi bayisebenzisela:

• Ukupakishwa: Izikhongozeli zokutya, iibhotile, kunye neekepusi ziyazuza ekuxhathiseni ukufuma kunye nokuqina.
• Iimoto: Iitanki zamafutha kunye nezixhobo ezikhuselayo ziphakamisa ukuxhathisa kweekhemikhali kunye namandla empembelelo.
• Impahla zomthengi: Izinto zokudlala kunye nezinto zasendlwini zisebenzisa ukuguquguquka kwazo kunye nokucutshungulwa ngokulula.

Phawula: Ixabiso eliphantsi le-polyethylene kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo, ezifana nokunciphisa i-greenhouse gas emissions ngexesha lemveliso, yenza kube yinto ezinzileyo yokubumba i-injection.

Ibhalansi yePolyethylene yokufikeleleka kunye nokusebenza iqinisekisa ukuthandwa kwayo okuqhubekayo kuwo wonke amashishini.

I-PEEK (I-Polyether Ether Ketone)

I-PEEK yinto ephezulu yokusebenza kwe-thermoplastic eyaziwayo ngoomatshini bayo abakhethekileyo, abashushu kunye neekhemikhali. Amashishini afana ne-aerospace, ezonyango, kunye neemoto zixhomekeke kwi-PEEK kwizicelo ezifuna ukuchaneka kunye nokuqina.

Izinto Eziluncedo Ezingundoqo

I-PEEK ibonelela ngeengenelo ezininzi eziyenza ibonakale:

• Igcina ukuqina kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kuma-250°C, kunye neqondo lokunyibilika lama-343°C.
• Ukumelana neekhemikhali, i-solvents, kunye ne-hydrolysis, iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwiindawo ezinzima.
• I-Autoclavable, iyenza ilungele izicelo zonyango.
• Ubuthi obuphantsi kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi xa kubonakaliswe kumadangatye, ukuqinisa ukhuseleko.
• I-Biocompatible kumabanga athile, ibalulekile kwizixhobo zonyango.

Ingcebiso: Ubuchule be-PEEK buvumela abavelisi ukuba bafezekise ukunyamezela okuqinileyo kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yoyilo olunzima.

Usetyenziso

Iipropati ze-PEEK ziyenza ilungele izicelo ezibango:

• I-Aerospace: Amacandelo afana netywina kunye neebheringi zixhamla ekuxhathiseni ubushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla.
• Ezonyango: Izixhobo zokwenza utyando kunye nokufakelwa konyusa i-biocompatibility yayo kunye ne-autoclavability.
• Iimoto: Amacandelo e-injini kunye neenxalenye zothumelo zisebenzisa ukuqina kwayo kunye nokuxhathisa imichiza.

Ikhono le-PEEK lokugcina iimpawu zayo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ziqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo. Abavelisi baxabisa ixesha elide kunye nokuthembeka kwayo, okwenza kube yinto ekhethiweyo yokubumba i-injection ephezulu yokusebenza.

I-PET (iPolyethylene Terephthalate)

I-Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) yipolymer ye-thermoplastic esetyenziswa ngokubanzi eyaziwa ngamandla ayo abalaseleyo, ukuqina, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe. Abavelisi bahlala bekhetha i-PET kwizicelo ezifuna ukucaca okuphezulu, ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye nokuzinza komda. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuyenza ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kuwo wonke amashishini afana nokupakishwa, iimoto, kunye namalaphu.

Iimpawu eziphambili zePET

I-PET ibonelela ngendibaniselwano ekhethekileyo yeepropathi ezenza ilungele ukubumba inaliti. Ezi ziquka:

• Amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina: I-PET ibonelela ngeempawu ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini, iqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokuchasana ne-deformation phantsi koxinzelelo.
• Ukumelana nemichiza: Ixhathisa i-asidi ezininzi, i-oyile, kunye ne-alcohols, iyenza ilungele imveliso evezwe kwindawo enzima.
• Ukuzinza kweThermal: I-PET igcina imilo kunye nokusebenza kwayo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kunye nendawo yokunyibilika malunga ne-250 ° C.
• Ukungafihli: Ukucaca kwayo okubonakalayo kwenza kube yinto ekhethiweyo kwizicelo ezifuna ukugqitywa okucacileyo, okufana neebhotile kunye nezikhongozeli.
• Ukurisayikilisha: I-PET yenye yezona plastikhi zisetyenzisiweyo kwihlabathi jikelele, inegalelo kwiindlela ezizinzileyo zokwenza izinto.

Ingcebiso: Ukurisayikilishwa kwe-PET akunciphisi impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kuphela kodwa kuthoba iindleko zemveliso ngokuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-PET kwi-Injection Molding

Iipropati ze-PET ziyenza ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ezinye zezona zinto zisetyenziswayo zibandakanya:

1. Ukupakishwa: I-PET ilawula ishishini lokupakisha ngenxa yobunzima bayo, amandla, kunye nokungafihli. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa:
   • Iibhotile zesiselo
   • Izikhongozeli zokutya
   • Ukupakishwa kweCosmetic
2. Amacandelo ezeMoto: I-PET's thermal stability kunye nokuchasana kweekhemikhali kwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwe-hood, njengezindlu kunye neekhava.
3. Umbane kunye ne-Electronics: Iipropathi zokugquma ze-PET kunye nozinzo lwe-dimensional suti izicelo ezifana nezihlanganisi, izitshixo, kunye nezivalo.
4. Iimpahla: I-PET fibers, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polyester, isetyenziswa kwimpahla, upholstery, kunye namalaphu emizi-mveliso.

Izinto eziluncedo zokuSebenzisa i-PET kwi-Injection Molding

I-PET ibonelela ngeengenelo ezininzi eziyenza ibe yinto ekhethwayo yokubumba inaliti:

• UkuLula kokuLungiselela: I-PET ihamba kakuhle ngexesha lokubumba, iqinisekisa iziphumo ezihambelanayo kunye neziphene ezincinci.
• Ukuchaneka koMda: Ivelisa iinxalenye ezinokunyamezela okuqinileyo, okubalulekileyo kwizicelo ezichanekileyo.
• UkuSebenza kweendleko: Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa i-PET esetyenzisiweyo (rPET) iyanciphisa iindleko zezinto eziphathekayo kwaye ixhasa imveliso ezinzileyo.
• Isibheno sobuhle: Ukugqiba okugudileyo komphezulu we-PET kunye nokubonakala kuphucula umgangatho wokubonwayo wamalungu abunjiweyo.

Phawula: I-PET idinga ukomiswa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokubumba ukukhusela i-hydrolysis, enokuthi buthathaka izinto kunye nokuchaphazela umgangatho wemveliso.

Imingeni kunye neNgqwalasela

Ngelixa i-PET ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, abavelisi kufuneka bajongane nemiceli mngeni ethile ngexesha lokucubungula:

• Ubuzaza bokufuma: I-PET ifunxa umswakama emoyeni, onokuthi uthobe iimpawu zayo ngexesha lokubumba. Ukomisa kwangaphambili impahla kubalulekile.
• Amaqondo obushushu okusebenza aphezulu: I-PET idinga ubushushu obuphezulu bokubumba xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiplastiki, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
• Ulawulo lweCrystallization: Ukufezekisa inqanaba elifunekayo lekristale kubalulekile ukulinganisa ukungafihli kunye namandla omatshini.

Ngokuqonda le miceli mngeni, abavelisi banokuphucula iinkqubo zabo ukuze bazuze ngokupheleleyo izibonelelo zePET.

Kutheni ukhetha i-PET?

I-PET ibalasele njengesixhobo esithembekileyo nesizinzileyo sokubumba inaliti. Indibaniselwano yayo yamandla, ukucaca, kunye nokuphinda isetyenziswe kuyenza ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Amashishini afuna izisombululo ezihlala ixesha elide, ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye ne-eco-friendly zihlala ziphendukela kwi-PET kwiimfuno zabo zokwenza.

Bizela esenzweni: Abavelisi kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo i-PET kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ibhalansi yokusebenza, i-aesthetics, kunye nokuzinza. Ukuvavanya i-PET phantsi kweemeko ezithile kuqinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezinqwenelekayo kwisicelo ngasinye.

Ukukhetha iplastiki efanelekileyoukubumba inaliti iqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ihlangabezana neemfuno ezisebenzayo, ezintle, kunye nokuqina. Isixhobo ngasinye sinikeza iipropati ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-friction ephantsi yePolyoxymethylene (POM) okanye i-recyclability yePolypropylene (PP). Abavelisi bayazuza kwinkululeko yoyilo, inkunkuma encitshisiweyo, kunye nokuchaneka xa ulungelelanisa ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo kunye neemfuno zemveliso.

Ukudala uluhlu lokukhangela iimfuno ezithile kwenza lula inkqubo yokukhetha. Iingcali zokubonisana zinceda ukuchonga izinto ezifana ne-Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), echasene neemeko ezinzima, okanye i-Polystyrene (PS), ilungele izixhobo zonyango ezilula.Izinto zokuvavanya phantsi kweemeko zehlabathi langempelaiqinisekisa ukufaneleka phambi kwemveliso epheleleyo.

Ingcebiso: Ukubeka phambili izinto ezilungelelanisa ukusebenza, iindleko, kunye nokuzinza ukuze ufumane impumelelo yexesha elide.

FAQ

Yeyiphi eyona plastiki ingabizi kakhulu yokubumba inaliti?

I-Polypropylene (PP) yenye yeeplastiki ezingabizi kakhulu. Inika ukuqina, ukuxhathisa iikhemikhali, kunye nokulula kokulungiswa. Abavelisi bahlala beyikhethela imveliso yomthamo ophezulu ngenxa yokufikeleleka kwayo kunye nokuguquguquka kuyo yonke imizi-mveliso efana nokupakishwa kunye neemoto.

Abavelisi banokunciphisa njani ukushwabana ngexesha lokubumba inaliti?

Abavelisi banokunciphisa ukucutheka ngokulungisa uyilo lokubumba, ukulawula amazinga okupholisa, kunye nokukhetha izinto ezinempahla ephantsi yokuncipha, njenge-ABS okanye iNylon. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lweqondo lokushisa ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba liqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-dimensional.

Yeyiphi iplastiki efanelekileyo kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu?

I-PEEK (i-Polyether Ether Ketone) ifanelekile kwiindawo eziphezulu zokushisa. Igcina iimpawu zayo zomatshini kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-250°C. Oku kuyenza ilungele i-aerospace, i-automotive, kunye nezicelo zonyango ezifuna uzinzo lwe-thermal.

Ngaba iiplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo zikulungele ukubumba inaliti?

Ewe, iiplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo zingasebenza kakuhle ekubumbeni inaliti. Izinto ezifana ne-PET ehlaziyiweyo (rPET) zigcina iimpawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini kwaye zinciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, abavelisi kufuneka baqinisekise ulawulo olululo lomgangatho ukuphepha ungcoliseko okanye ukusebenza okungahambelaniyo.

Uvavanya njani ukuxhathisa kweekhemikhali zeplastiki?

Abavelisi bavavanya ukuxhathisa kweekhemikhali ngokubeka iisampulu zeplastiki kwiikhemikhali ezithile phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo. Bavavanya utshintsho kubunzima, imilinganiselo, inkangeleko, kunye neempawu zomatshini. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zinokumelana nokusingqongileyo kweekhemikhali ezicetywayo.

Ingcebiso: Soloko ujongana neetshathi zokuxhathisa imichiza kwaye wenze uvavanyo lwehlabathi lokwenyani ngeziphumo ezichanekileyo.