Kusankha pulasitiki yoyenera ndikofunikira kuti mupange zida zapamwamba komanso zolimba zomangira jakisoni wapulasitiki. Chilichonse chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera omwe amakhudza momwe chinthu chomaliza chimagwirira ntchito, mtengo wake, komanso kukhazikika kwake. Opanga amaika patsogolo zinthu monga mphamvu, kukana kutentha, komanso kuyanjana ndi mankhwala kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zazinthu zina.pulasitiki jekeseni kuumbidwa zigawo.

Kutsika mtengo kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusankha zinthu. Njira zamakina zobwezeretsanso ku Europe zimakwaniritsa kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki, ndikupulumutsa mpaka matani 2.3 a mpweya wa CO2 pa tani yomwe yasinthidwanso. Njirazi zimawonjezeranso moyo wamankhwala opangidwa ndi jekeseni wa pulasitikipamene kuchepetsa kukhudza chilengedwe. Pogwirizanitsa zinthu zakuthupi ndi zolinga zopangira magawo a jekeseni wa pulasitiki, mabizinesi amakwaniritsa bwino komanso kusunga nthawi yayitali.

Zofunika Kwambiri

• Kusankhapulasitiki yoyenerandizofunikira pazigawo zowumbidwa bwino. Ganizirani za mphamvu, kukana kutentha, ndi chitetezo cha mankhwala kwa mankhwala anu.
• Onani zomwe mankhwala anu amafunika kuti azigwira ntchito bwino. Mapulasitiki ena, monga polyethylene, amakhala opindika, pamene polypropylene ndi yolimba.
• Dziwanisungani malonda anuadzakumana. Sankhani zida zomwe zimakhala zolimba pakutentha, kunyowa, kapena kupanikizika.
• Ganizirani za chitetezo cha mankhwala posankha mapulasitiki. Onetsetsani kuti pulasitikiyo isaphwanyike ndi mankhwala omwe amakhudza.
• Yesani mtengo ndi mtundu kuti mupeze njira yabwino kwambiri. Zida zabwinoko zitha kuwononga ndalama zambiri koma zimatha nthawi yayitali ndipo zimafunikira kukonzedwa pang'ono.

Kumvetsetsa Zofunika Zanu Zogulitsa

Zofunikira Zogwirira Ntchito

Gawo lililonse lopangira jakisoni wa pulasitiki liyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira komanso magwiridwe antchito. Thekatundu wakuthupiziyenera kugwirizana ndi zomwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mapulasitiki okhala ndi ductility kwambiri, monga polyethylene (PE), ndi abwino kwa ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kusinthasintha, pomwe zida zolimba ngati polypropylene (PP) zimavala zolimba.

Kusankha zinthu zoyenera kumapangitsa kuti chinthucho chizigwira ntchito moyenera ndikuchepetsa zinyalala komanso kukonza bwino ntchito.

Mikhalidwe Yachilengedwe ndi Kukhalitsa

Pulasitiki iyenera kupirira chilengedwe chomwe angakumane nacho. Zinthu monga kutentha, chinyezi, ndi kupsinjika kwa makina zimatha kusokoneza kulimba. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ABS imakwera modulus zotanuka pambuyo pa kugwedezeka, pomwe PLA imachepetsa kusweka kupsinjika pansi pamikhalidwe yofananira. HIPS imasungabe mphamvu zake ngakhale ikugwedezeka, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosagwira ntchito.

• Zotsatira Zazikulu pa Kukhalitsa:
  • ASA imawonetsa kusintha kochepa pakupsinjika panthawi yopuma koma imataya 43% ya mphamvu zake pambuyo pa kugwedezeka kumodzi.
  • HIPS imakhalabe ndi mphamvu zamakina kwambiri ndikusintha pang'ono mu zotanuka modulus.
  • PLA ndi ABS zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu pambuyo pozungulira kangapo.

Kumvetsetsa kusiyanasiyana kumeneku kumathandiza opanga kusankha zinthu zomwe zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali.

Malingaliro Aesthetic ndi Design

Kukopa kokongola kumatenga gawo lalikulu pakusankha zinthu. Ogula nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsa zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri ndi zojambula zowoneka bwino. Kusankha kwazinthu kumakhudza kutha kwa pamwamba, mtundu, ndi mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kulolerana ndi makulidwe a khoma zimakhudza mawonekedwe omaliza a magawo owumbidwa.

1. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu kumakhudza mwachindunji kukongola kwa zinthu zapulasitiki.
2. Zomwe zimapangidwa monga makulidwe a khoma ndi magawo olekerera zimatsimikizira zotsatira zowoneka.
3. Kuphatikiza ukatswiri waukadaulo ndi ukadaulo kumabweretsa mapangidwe owoneka bwino komanso ogwira ntchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, zida zokomera zachilengedwe zimapangitsa kuti chinthucho chikhale chosangalatsa pothana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe, zomwe zimakhala zofunika kwambiri kwa ogula.

Katundu Wazinthu Zofunika Kuunika

Mphamvu ndi Zida Zamakina

Mphamvu ndi makina azinthu zimatsimikizira kuthekera kwake kolimbana ndi mphamvu popanda kupunduka kapena kuswa. Zinthu izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kukhazikika komanso kugwira ntchito kwa gawo lopangira jakisoni wapulasitiki. Ma metrics ofunikira amaphatikiza kulimba kwamphamvu, kukana mphamvu, ndi flexural modulus. Mwachitsanzo, ABS imapereka kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kulimba, pomwe Nylon 6 imapereka mphamvu zolimba kwambiri pazonyamula katundu.

• Mawerengero Oyerekeza:
  • Kafukufuku woyerekeza mapulasitiki ngati PLA, ABS, ndi Nayiloni 6 amawonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pamakina amakina potengera njira zopangira.
  • Kusanthula kwa njira ziwiri za ANOVA (p≤ 0.05) ikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa kachulukidwe, kulimba kwamphamvu, ndi miyeso yosinthasintha pakati pa jekeseni ndi kupanga ulusi wosakanikirana.

Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku kumathandiza opanga kusankha zipangizo zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni. Mwachitsanzo, PLA yopangidwa ndi jekeseni imawonetsa mphamvu zolimba kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimasindikizidwa ndi 3D, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwinoko pamagwiritsidwe ntchito kamangidwe.

Kukaniza Kutentha ndi Kukhazikika kwa Matenthedwe

Kukana kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri pamapulasitiki omwe amakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri pakagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zida zokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu zimasunga mawonekedwe awo ndi ntchito pansi pa kupsinjika kwa kutentha. Mayeso wamba, monga Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) ndi Ball Pressure Tests, amawonetsa kuthekera kwa chinthu kupirira kutentha.

Mwachitsanzo, PEEK imawonetsa kukana kutentha kwapadera, kupirira kutentha pamwamba pa 250 ° C, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwazamlengalenga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zipangizo monga polypropylene (PP) ndizoyenera kwambiri kumalo osatentha kwambiri chifukwa cha kutsika kwawo kwa kutentha.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsanso kuti kuuma kwa kutentha kumatha kuwonjezera kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri kwamafuta (CTmax), kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito ake pakavuta kwambiri. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumapangitsa mapulasitiki ena kukhala osinthika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito movutikira.

Mawonekedwe a Viscosity ndi Flow Makhalidwe

Maonekedwe a viscosity ndi mayendedwe amakhudza momwe pulasitiki imadzazira nkhungu panthawi yobaya. Zida zokhala ndi ma viscosity otsika zimayenda mosavuta, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zolakwika monga voids kapena kudzaza kosakwanira. The Cross/Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) viscosity model imathandiza opanga kuneneratu momwe kutentha, kumeta ubweya, ndi kupanikizika kumakhudzira kusungunuka kusungunuka.

Njira zazikulu zowunikira mawonekedwe akuyenda ndi:

1. Pangani ma viscosity curve poyesa nkhungu pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yotuluka.
2. Makina osindikizira nthawi yodzaza ndi kuthamanga kwa jakisoni pachimake.
3. Kuwerengera kukhuthala kwachibale ndi kumeta ubweya wa ubweya pogwiritsa ntchito ma equation enieni.
4. Graph viscosity motsutsana ndi shear rate kuzindikira madera oyenda okhazikika.
5. Sankhani mapulasitiki ozikidwa pa "lathyathyathya" mapeto a graph, kumene mamasukidwe akayendedwe amasintha pang'ono.

Mwachitsanzo, polycarbonate (PC) imawonetsa machitidwe oyenda mosasinthasintha, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera nkhungu zovuta zatsatanetsatane. Pomvetsetsa magawo a viscosity, opanga amatha kukhathamiritsa kupanga bwino ndikuwonetsetsa zotsatira zapamwamba.

Kukaniza kwa Chemical ndi Kugwirizana

Kukana kwa Chemical kumagwira ntchito yofunikira pakuzindikiritsa kuyenerera kwa pulasitiki popanga jekeseni. Zogulitsa zambiri zimakumana ndi mankhwala panthawi ya moyo wawo, kuphatikiza zoyeretsera, mafuta, mafuta, kapena zosungunulira. Kuthekera kwa chinthu kukana kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala kumawonetsetsa kuti chinthucho chimagwira ntchito bwino pakapita nthawi.

Chifukwa Chake Kukana Kwa Chemical Ndikofunikira?

Pulasitiki yomwe ili ndi mankhwala osagwirizana imatha kutupa, kusweka, kusinthika, kapena kulephera kwathunthu. Mwachitsanzo, chidebe chapulasitiki chosungiramo zosungunulira za m'mafakitale chiyenera kukana kusintha kwa mankhwala komwe kungasokoneze kulimba kwake. Momwemonso, zida zamankhwala zimafunikira zida zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika zikapezeka ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena madzi amthupi. Kusankha pulasitiki yosamva mankhwala kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa mankhwala ndikuwonjezera moyo wake.

Kuwunika Kugwirizana kwa Chemical

Opanga amawunika kukana kwamankhwala kudzera pakuyezetsa kokhazikika. Mayesowa amatsanzira zochitika zenizeni padziko lapansi kuti awunikire momwe mapulasitiki amachitira ndi mankhwala enaake. Ntchitoyi imaphatikizapo kuonetsa zitsanzo za pulasitiki ku mankhwala osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga kumiza, kupukuta, kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Pambuyo powonekera, zinthuzo zimayesedwa kuti zisinthe kulemera kwake, kukula kwake, maonekedwe, ndi makina amakina monga mphamvu zamakina.

Njirayi imathandiza opanga kuzindikira mapulasitiki omwe angathe kupirira malo enieni a mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, polypropylene (PP) imawonetsa kukana bwino kwa ma acid ndi maziko, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino pama tanki osungiramo mankhwala. Kumbali inayi, polycarbonate (PC) imatha kunyozeka ikakumana ndi zosungunulira zina, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake pazinthu zotere.

Malangizo Othandiza Posankha Zinthu

1. Kumvetsetsa Chilengedwe cha Chemical: Dziwani mitundu yamankhwala omwe mankhwalawo angakumane nawo panthawi yamoyo wake. Ganizirani zinthu monga kukhazikika, kutentha, ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mukukhudzidwa.
2. Onani Ma chart a Chemical Resistance: Opanga ambiri amapereka ma chart atsatanetsatane azinthu zawo. Zida izi zimapereka chidziwitso chofulumira posankha mapulasitiki oyenera.
3. Chitani Kuyesa Mwachindunji: Ngakhale ma chart ndi zidziwitso zonse zimapereka chitsogozo, kuyesa kwenikweni kumawonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zimagwira ntchito momwe zimayembekezeredwa pamikhalidwe inayake.

Langizo: Yesani zida nthawi zonse pansi pamikhalidwe yomwe imatsanzira zomwe mukufuna. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha zolephera zosayembekezereka panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.

Poika patsogolo kukana kwamankhwala ndi kuyanjana, opanga amatha kupanga zida zopangidwa ndi jekeseni zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwirira ntchito ndikusunga kudalirika m'malo ovuta.

Kulinganiza Mtengo ndi Magwiridwe

Zolepheretsa Bajeti ndi Mtengo Wazinthu

Zovuta za bajeti nthawi zambiri zimalamula kusankha zinthu pama projekiti opangira jakisoni. Mtengo wopangira gawo lopangira jakisoni wa pulasitiki zimatengera zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza mtundu wazinthu, kuchuluka kwa kupanga, komanso kuvuta kwa nkhungu. Pazinthu zochepa zopanga, opanga amatha kupanga nkhungu m'nyumba, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo wagawo lililonse. Komabe, kupanga kwapakatikati ndi kwakukulu kumapindula ndi chuma chambiri, kuchepetsa mtengo pagawo lililonse pamene kupanga kukukulirakulira.

Kusankha zinthu kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambirikulinganiza mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito. Mwachitsanzo, mapulasitiki ochita bwino kwambiri ngati PEEK atha kupereka katundu wapamwamba koma amabwera pamtengo wokwera. Opanga akuyenera kuyeza ndalamazi potengera phindu lomwe amapereka.

Kusinthana Pakati pa Ubwino ndi Kugulidwa

Kukwaniritsa kulinganiza koyenera pakati pa zabwino ndi kukwanitsa kumafuna kulingalira mosamala za malonda. Zida zapamwamba nthawi zambiri zimapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino, kulimba, komanso kukana zinthu zachilengedwe. Komabe, sizingagwirizane nthawi zonse ndi zovuta za bajeti. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito ABS m'malo mwa polycarbonate kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo ndikusunga kukana kovomerezeka pamapulogalamu omwe safuna zambiri.

• Zogulitsa Zofunika Kuziganizira:
  • Kusankha Zinthu: Zida zamtengo wapatali zimachulukitsa mtengo koma zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito.
  • Kuvuta kwa Nkhungu: Kusavuta kupanga nkhungu kumatha kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira koma kumachepetsa kusinthasintha kwa mapangidwe.
  • Voliyumu Yopanga: Ma voliyumu apamwamba amachepetsa mtengo wagawo lililonse koma amafunikira ndalama zokulirapo.

Opanga akuyenera kuwunika malondawa kuti awonetsetse kuti chinthu chomaliza chikukwaniritsa zofunikira komanso bajeti.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Kwanthawi yayitali

Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kwanthawi yayitalinthawi zambiri amavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri. Mapulasitiki okhazikika ngati polyethylene (PE) amapereka zabwino zambiri kuposa zina monga pepala, galasi, kapena aluminiyamu. PE imachepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi 70% ndipo imafunikira madzi ochepa komanso zopangira panthawi yopanga. Zopindulitsa izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa chilengedwe komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito pakapita nthawi.

Kuyika ndalama muzinthu zokhazikika komanso zokhazikika kumachepetsa kukonza ndikusintha ndalama. Njirayi imawonetsetsa kuti zida zomangira jakisoni wapulasitiki zimakhalabe zotsika mtengo m'moyo wawo wonse.

Zoganizira Pokonza

Kusavuta Kuumba ndi Kukonza

Kusavuta kuumbazimakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu ndi khalidwe la njira yopangira jekeseni. Mapulasitiki okhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenda bwino amathandizira kudzaza kwa nkhungu, kuchepetsa zolakwika ngati voids kapena kudzaza kosakwanira. Opanga nthawi zambiri amawunika zida potengera kukhuthala kwawo komanso kutentha kwawo kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino.

Mapangidwe opangidwa ndi nkhungu, monga mayendedwe ozizirira okhazikika, amawongolera kufalikira kwa kutentha pakumaumba. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza njirazi kumachepetsa nthawi yozungulira ndi 26%, kumachepetsa zinyalala, ndikuwonetsetsa kulolerana kolimba. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yamphamvu komanso yosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Langizo: Kusankha zinthu zokhala ndi machitidwe osasinthasintha kumachepetsa zovuta pakukonza ndikuwongolera zotulukapo.

Nkhawa za Shrinkage ndi Warping

Kutsika ndi kugwa ndi nkhani zofala pakuumba jakisoni. Zowonongekazi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kusiyana panthawi yozizirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe ndi kusakhazikika kwapangidwe. Zizindikiro zakuchulukirachulukira kumaphatikizapo kuwombera kwakufupi, kusinki, voids, ndi tsamba lankhondo.

Zinthu zingapo zimakhudza kukhazikika kwa gawo, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa zinthu, nkhungu, komanso kusintha kwa chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kupsinjika kotsalira kuchokera kumatenthedwe mobwerezabwereza ndi kuziziritsa kungayambitse mbale za polycarbonate kupindika, zomwe zimakhudza miyeso yawo yomaliza. Opanga amachepetsa zoopsazi mwa kukhathamiritsa mapangidwe a nkhungu ndikuwongolera magawo.

• Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
  • Zofunika kalasi ndi matenthedwe katundu.
  • Kutentha kwa nkhungu ndi kuzizira.
  • Zinthu zachilengedwe panthawi yopanga.

Nthawi Yozungulira ndi Kuchita Mwachangu

Nthawi yozungulira imakhala yofunika kwambiripozindikira luso la kupanga. Zimatanthawuza nthawi yonse yofunikira kuti makina opangira jakisoni amalize kuzungulira, kuphatikiza kudzaza, kuziziritsa, ndi kutulutsa. Kufupikitsa kwa nthawi yozungulira kumawonjezera mitengo yopanga ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira pakupanga zinthu zambiri.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti masinthidwe abwino amakwaniritsa nthawi yozungulira ya masekondi 38.174, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kusankha kwazinthu ndi kapangidwe ka nkhungu. Opanga amaika patsogolo zinthu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino ozizirira kuti achuluke kwambiri komanso kuchepetsa ndalama.

Mapulastiki Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito Nthawi zambiri ndi Ntchito Zawo

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)

ABS ndi thermoplastic yosunthika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga jakisoni chifukwa cha kulimba kwake komanso kulimba kwake. Opanga amadalira ABS pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kulimba komanso kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe. Kutha kupirira kupsinjika kwamakina kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa zida zamagalimoto, monga ma dashboards ndi zida zochepetsera, komanso zida zamagetsi zamagetsi monga kiyibodi ndi ma foni.

• Ubwino waukulu:
  • Zinthu zolimba zamakomedwe zimatsimikizira kulimba m'malo okhudzidwa kwambiri.
  • ABS imasunga kukhulupirika kwake kudzera mumayendedwe angapo opanga, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuyika jekeseni nkhungu.
  • Kumapeto kwake kosalala kumapangitsa kukongola kokongola, komwe kumakhala kofunikira pazinthu zoyang'ana ogula.

ABS ndiyodziwika kwambiri ku Europe, komwe imayang'anira magalimoto ndi zoyendera. Kudalirika kwazinthu komanso magwiridwe antchito kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chokondedwa kwa mafakitale omwe amafunikira zida zolimba komanso zokhalitsa.

Langizo: ABS ndi njira yabwino kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu zamakina komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, monga zamkati zamagalimoto ndi nyumba zamagetsi.

Polypropylene (PP)

Polypropylene ndi imodzi mwamapulasitiki otsika mtengo komanso olimba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga jakisoni. Chikhalidwe chake chopepuka komanso kukana chinyezi kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri yopanga ma voliyumu apamwamba. Opanga amakonda polypropylene kuti agwiritse ntchito pakuyika, magalimoto, ndi katundu wapakhomo.

1. Ntchito zamagalimoto:
   • Zosungiramo mabatire, mabampu, ndi zotchingira zamkati zimapindula ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa polypropylene komanso kuumbika.
   • Makhalidwe ake opepuka amachepetsa kulemera kwagalimoto, kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala bwino.
2. Pakuyika Ntchito:
   • Polypropylene imapambana muzotengera zazakudya ndi zisoti zamabotolo chifukwa cha kukana kwake chinyezi.
   • Kukhazikika kwake kumatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali pakusungirako ndi zoyendera.

Opanga amayamikira kutsika mtengo kwa polypropylene komanso kusavuta kukonza. Makhalidwewa amapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodalirika kwa mafakitale omwe akufuna mayankho otsika mtengo koma okhazikika.

Zindikirani: Kuphatikiza kwa polypropylene kukwanitsa komanso kusinthasintha kumalimbitsa gawo lake ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuumba jekeseni.

Polycarbonate (PC)

Polycarbonate imadziwika chifukwa cha kumveka bwino komanso mphamvu zamakina. Thermoplastic iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuwonekera komanso kulimba. Mafakitale monga magalimoto, mlengalenga, ndi katundu wogula amadalira polycarbonate kuti athe kusunga umphumphu wake pamene akuwumbidwa mu mawonekedwe ovuta.

• Mapulogalamu:
  • Ma lens akumutu amapindula ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa polycarbonate komanso kumveka bwino kwa kuwala.
  • Zovala zamaso ndi magalasi otetezedwa zimagwiritsa ntchito kuwonekera kwake komanso kukana kwa UV kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito panja.
  • Zipangizo zakukhitchini ndi zotengera zakudya zimathandizira kukana kutentha kwake kuti zisagwire bwino.

Polycarbonate's refractive index ndi mphamvu zopatsira kuwala zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa magalasi agalasi ndi ntchito zina zowunikira. Chikhalidwe chake chopepuka koma champhamvu chimatsimikizira kulimba m'malo ovuta.

Langizo: Polycarbonate ndi chisankho chapamwamba pamafakitale omwe amafunikira kulondola komanso kumveka bwino, monga kuyatsa kwamagalimoto ndi zida zachitetezo.

Nayiloni (Polyamide)

Nayiloni, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyamide, ndiyomwe imakonda kupanga jekeseni chifukwa cha makina ake apadera komanso matenthedwe. Opanga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Nayiloni pazinthu zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri, kulimba, komanso kukana kuvala. Kusinthasintha kwake kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera m'mafakitale monga magalimoto, zamagetsi, ndi zinthu zogula.

Zofunika Kwambiri za Nylon

Nayiloni imawonetsa zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zopsinjika kwambiri:

• Mkulu wamakina mphamvu ndi kulimba.
• Kukhazikika kwabwino kwamafuta, kuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito amasinthasintha pamatenthedwe osiyanasiyana.
• Kukana kutopa kwapamwamba, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pazinthu monga magiya ndi ma bere.
• Kukana kwa Chemical, kulola kupirira kukhudzana ndi mafuta, zosungunulira, ndi mankhwala ena.
• Kukhalitsa ndi kusinthasintha, kuwonetsetsa kuti zikugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali m'malo ovuta.

Langizo: Nayiloni 6 imapereka kusinthika kwabwinoko komanso kuchepa kwa nkhungu poyerekeza ndi nayiloni 66, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chokonda kupanga jekeseni.

Zowona Zantchito

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuthekera kwa Nylon kusunga katundu wake pansi pa kukweza kwa cyclic komanso kupsinjika kwamafuta. Mwachitsanzo, nayiloni 6 ikuwonetsa modulus yotsika kuposa nayiloni 66, yomwe imakulitsa mawonekedwe ake ndikuchepetsa kukwapula. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwa mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kulondola komanso kudalirika.

Kuphatikizika kwa mphamvu kwa nayiloni, kusinthasintha, komanso kukana kwamankhwala kumatsimikizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake popanga jakisoni. Opanga amadalira izi pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kulimba komanso magwiridwe antchito osasinthika.

Polyethylene (PE)

Polyethylene ndi imodzi mwamapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga jakisoni chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake, kukana mankhwala, komanso kusinthasintha. Thermoplastic iyi ndiyabwino pazogwiritsa ntchito kuyambira pakuyika mpaka kuzinthu zamagalimoto.

Kukaniza Chemical

Polyethylene imapambana m'malo omwe kukhudzana ndi mankhwala kumakhala kofala. Imalimbana ndi zidulo, ma alkali, ndi zosungunulira, kuzipangitsa kukhala zoyenera zosungirako, matanki amankhwala, ndi mapaipi. Kuyerekeza kofananira kukuwonetsa kuti polyethylene imaposa polypropylene pokana zosungunulira zina, kuonetsetsa kudalirika pamikhalidwe yovuta.

Mapulogalamu

Chikhalidwe chopepuka cha polyethylene komanso kulimba kwake kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kupanga kwambiri. Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito:

• Kupaka: Zotengera zakudya, mabotolo, ndi zipewa zimapindula ndi kukana chinyezi komanso kulimba kwake.
• Zagalimoto: Matanki amafuta ndi zophimba zoteteza zimakulitsa kukana kwake kwamankhwala komanso mphamvu yake.
• Katundu Wogula: Zoseweretsa ndi zinthu zapakhomo zimagwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha kwake komanso kuphweka kwake.

Zindikirani: Mtengo wotsika wa polyethylene komanso zopindulitsa zachilengedwe, monga kuchepa kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha panthawi yopanga, zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chokhazikika pakuumba jekeseni.

Kuthekera kwa polyethylene komanso magwiridwe antchito kumatsimikizira kutchuka kwake kumapitilira mumakampani onse.

PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone)

PEEK ndi thermoplastic yogwira ntchito kwambiri yomwe imadziwika chifukwa cha makina ake, kutentha, komanso mankhwala. Makampani monga zamlengalenga, azachipatala, ndi magalimoto amadalira PEEK pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kulondola komanso kukhazikika.

Ubwino waukulu

PEEK imapereka maubwino angapo omwe amachititsa kuti izi ziwonekere:

• Imasunga kulimba pa kutentha mpaka 250 ° C, ndi malo osungunuka a 343 ° C.
• Kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala, zosungunulira, ndi hydrolysis, kuonetsetsa kudalirika m'malo ovuta.
• Autoclavable, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pazachipatala.
• Kawopsedwe wochepa komanso kutulutsa mpweya ukayatsidwa ndi malawi, kumawonjezera chitetezo.
• Biocompatible m'makalasi ena, ofunikira pazida zamankhwala.

Langizo: PEEK's machinability imalola opanga kuti akwaniritse kulolerana kolimba komanso kulondola kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa mapangidwe ovuta.

Mapulogalamu

Makhalidwe a PEEK amapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira:

• Zamlengalenga: Zigawo monga zisindikizo ndi ma beya amapindula ndi kukana kwake kutentha kwambiri komanso mphamvu.
• Zachipatala: Zida zopangira opaleshoni ndi ma implants zimathandizira kuti biocompatibility ndi autoclavability zitheke.
• Zagalimoto: Zida zamainjini ndi zida zotumizira zimagwiritsa ntchito kulimba kwake komanso kukana kwamankhwala.

Kuthekera kwa PEEK kusunga katundu wake pansi pazovuta kwambiri kumatsimikizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake pazovuta kwambiri. Opanga amayamikira moyo wautali ndi kudalirika kwake, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chokonda kwambiri popanga jakisoni wochita bwino kwambiri.

PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) ndi polima yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi thermoplastic yomwe imadziwika chifukwa champhamvu zake, kulimba, komanso kubwezanso. Opanga nthawi zambiri amasankha PET pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kumveka bwino, kukana kwamankhwala, komanso kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe. Kusinthasintha kwake kumapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika m'mafakitale onse monga zonyamula, zamagalimoto, ndi nsalu.

Zinthu zazikulu za PET

PET imapereka kuphatikiza kwapadera kwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kupaka jakisoni. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kulimba Kwambiri ndi Kuuma: PET imapereka zida zabwino kwambiri zamakina, kuwonetsetsa kukhazikika komanso kukana kusinthika pakupsinjika.
• Kukaniza Chemical: Imakana ma asidi ambiri, mafuta, ndi mowa wambiri, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi malo ovuta.
• Kutentha Kukhazikika: PET imasunga mawonekedwe ake ndi magwiridwe ake pa kutentha kokwera, ndi malo osungunuka pafupifupi 250 ° C.
• Kuwonekera: Kumveka kwake kowoneka bwino kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chokondedwa kwambiri pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kumaliza bwino, monga mabotolo ndi zotengera.
• Recyclability: PET ndi imodzi mwamapulasitiki opangidwanso kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale njira zokhazikika zopangira.

Langizo: Kubwezeretsanso kwa PET sikungochepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komanso kumachepetsanso mtengo wopangira popangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zobwezerezedwanso.

Kugwiritsa ntchito PET mu Injection Molding

Makhalidwe a PET amapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Zina mwazogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi izi:

1. Kupaka: PET imayang'anira makampani onyamula katundu chifukwa chopepuka, mphamvu, komanso kuwonekera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
   • Mabotolo a zakumwa
   • Zotengera zakudya
   • Kupaka zodzikongoletsera
2. Zida Zagalimoto: Kukhazikika kwamafuta a PET komanso kukana kwamankhwala kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa zida zapansi pa-hood, monga zogona ndi zophimba.
3. Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi: PET's insulating properties and dimensional stability suti applications monga zolumikizira, zosinthira, ndi zotchingira.
4. Zovala: Ulusi wa PET, womwe umadziwika kuti polyester, umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala, upholstery, ndi nsalu zamakampani.

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito PET mu Injection Molding

PET imapereka maubwino angapo omwe amapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chokondedwa pakuumba jekeseni:

• Kumasuka kwa Processing: PET imayenda bwino pakuwumba, kuwonetsetsa kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zokhazikika komanso zolakwika zochepa.
• Kulondola kwa Dimensional: Zimapanga magawo omwe ali ndi zololera zolimba, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito molondola.
• Mtengo Mwachangu: Kutha kugwiritsa ntchito PET (rPET) yobwezeretsanso kumachepetsa mtengo wazinthu ndikuthandizira kupanga kosatha.
• Aesthetic Appeal: Kumapeto kwa PET kosalala komanso kuwonekera kumawonjezera mawonekedwe a magawo owumbidwa.

Zindikirani: PET imafuna kuyanika koyenera musanayambe kuumba kuti muteteze hydrolysis, yomwe ingafooketse zinthu ndi kukhudza khalidwe la mankhwala.

Mavuto ndi Kuganizira

Ngakhale PET imapereka zabwino zambiri, opanga ayenera kuthana ndi zovuta zina pakukonza:

• Chinyezi Sensitivity: PET imatenga chinyezi kuchokera mumlengalenga, zomwe zimatha kuwononga katundu wake poumba. Kuyanikatu zinthuzo ndikofunikira.
• High Processing Kutentha: PET imafuna kutentha kwapamwamba powumba poyerekeza ndi mapulasitiki ena, kuonjezera kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu.
• Kuwongolera kwa Crystallization: Kukwaniritsa mulingo womwe ukufunidwa wa crystallinity ndikofunikira pakuwongolera kuwonekera komanso mphamvu zamakina.

Pomvetsetsa zovutazi, opanga amatha kukhathamiritsa njira zawo kuti athe kutengera zabwino za PET.

Chifukwa Chiyani Sankhani PET?

PET imadziwika kuti ndi yodalirika komanso yokhazikika yopangira jakisoni. Kuphatikizika kwake kwa mphamvu, kumveka bwino, ndi kubwezeretsedwanso kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pazantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mafakitale omwe amafunafuna mayankho olimba, apamwamba kwambiri, komanso ochezeka zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amatembenukira ku PET pazosowa zawo zopanga.

Kuitana Kuchitapo kanthu: Opanga akuyenera kuganizira za PET pama projekiti omwe amafunikira magwiridwe antchito, kukongola, komanso kukhazikika. Kuyesa PET pamikhalidwe inayake kumatsimikizira kuti ikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse.

Kusankha pulasitiki yoyenerapomanga jekeseni amaonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa akukwaniritsa zofunikira, zokongoletsa, komanso zolimba. Chilichonse chimakhala ndi zinthu zapadera, monga kugundana kochepa kwa Polyoxymethylene (POM) kapena recyclability wa Polypropylene (PP). Opanga amapindula ndi ufulu wamapangidwe, zinyalala zocheperako, komanso kulondola pogwirizanitsa kusankha kwazinthu ndi zosowa zazinthu.

Kupanga mndandanda wa zofunikira zenizeni kumathandizira kusankha. Akatswiri ofunsira amathandizira kuzindikira zida monga Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), zomwe zimalimbana ndi zovuta, kapena Polystyrene (PS), zabwino pazida zamankhwala zopepuka.Zida zoyesera pansi pa zochitika zenizeniimatsimikizira kukwanira musanayambe kupanga kwathunthu.

Langizo: Ikani patsogolo zinthu zomwe zimayenderana ndi magwiridwe antchito, mtengo wake, komanso kukhazikika kuti mukwaniritse bwino kwanthawi yayitali.

FAQ

Kodi pulasitiki yotsika mtengo kwambiri yopangira jakisoni ndi iti?

Polypropylene (PP) ndi imodzi mwamapulasitiki otsika mtengo. Amapereka kukhazikika, kukana kwa mankhwala, komanso kumasuka kwa kukonza. Opanga nthawi zambiri amachisankha kuti chipangidwe chambiri chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake komanso kusinthasintha m'mafakitale monga kulongedza ndi magalimoto.

Kodi opanga angachepetse bwanji kuchepa panthawi yopangira jakisoni?

Opanga amatha kuchepetsa kucheperako mwa kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe ka nkhungu, kuwongolera mitengo yozizirira, ndikusankha zida zokhala ndi zinthu zocheperako, monga ABS kapena Nylon. Kuwongolera bwino kwa kutentha pa nthawi yowumba kumatsimikiziranso kukhazikika kwa dimensional.

Ndi pulasitiki iti yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri?

PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone) ndi yabwino kwa malo otentha kwambiri. Imakhalabe ndi makina ake pamatenthedwe opitilira 250 ° C. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pazamlengalenga, magalimoto, ndi ntchito zamankhwala zomwe zimafuna kukhazikika kwamafuta.

Kodi mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso ndi oyenera kuumba jekeseni?

Inde, mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso amatha kugwira ntchito bwino pakuumba jakisoni. Zida monga PET zobwezerezedwanso (rPET) zimasunga makina abwino ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe. Komabe, opanga akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuwongolera koyenera kuti apewe kuipitsidwa kapena kusagwira bwino ntchito.

Kodi mumayesa bwanji kukana kwa mankhwala apulasitiki?

Opanga amayesa kukana kwamankhwala powonetsa zitsanzo za pulasitiki kuzinthu zinazake zomwe zimayendetsedwa bwino. Amawunika kusintha kwa kulemera, kukula, maonekedwe, ndi makina. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zinthuzo zitha kupirira malo omwe amapangira mankhwala.

Langizo: Nthawi zonse fufuzani ma chart okana mankhwala ndikuyesa zenizeni zenizeni kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola.